Exhibition

Collective Behavior

Multiple women overlap and create a circular flower shape with pink petals stemming from the figures’ skirts. The form is suspended against green foliage.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), Arose, 2020, glass mosaic with patinated brass frame, Courtesy of Joel S. Pizzuti, © Shahzia Sikander.

Shahzia Sikander: Collective Behavior is the most comprehensive presentation of the artist’s work to date, illustrating her distinctive iconography and continuous invention across media. The exhibition begins with her breakthrough work The Scroll (1989-90), created for her graduate thesis project at Lahore’s National College of Arts, which established her position at the vanguard of the neo-miniature movement. Encompassing the spectrum of her creative output from that career-launching work to the present-day, Collective Behavior also debuts new works by Sikander that respond to the architecture and history of the Palazzo Soranzo van Axel, the city of Venice, and global histories of trade and artistic exchange.

Rather than proceeding chronologically, Collective Behavior follows Sikander’s primary ideas and lexicon of forms as they appear and reappear throughout her work. The exhibition is divided into three sections:

Point of Departure explores Sikander’s engagement with South Asian and Persian historic manuscript illustrations, demonstrating her roots in—and disruptions of—these traditions.

The Feminine Space highlights Sikander’s ongoing address of gender and body politics through a dynamic visual vocabulary that has evolved throughout her career.

Negotiated Landscapes and Contested Histories surveys Sikander’s responses to the complex histories of colonialism in South Asia and their legacies in contemporary language, trade, empire, and migration patterns.

Each section functions independently and in conversation with the others, mirroring the way that Sikander’s motifs create meaning as discrete units and through their interdependence, producing a commanding “collective behavior.” This exhibition positions Sikander as an American artist, a Pakistani artist, a Muslim artist, a feminist artist, and most significantly, as a global citizen who mines the past to make visible new possibilities for the future.

A painting depicting two overlapping figures, one sitting centrally and the other standing on her hands, surrounded by a metal railing. The painting is enclosed by a decorative border of flowers, figures, and a roundel of cowboy boots.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), Elusive Realities, 2000, vegetable color, dry pigment, watercolor, tea, and collage on wasli paper; The Speyer Family Collection, New York, © Shahzia Sikander.

A brightly colored mosaic of a dress hovering over a lotus blossom, surrounded by greenery and flowers.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), Fixed Fluid, 2022, glass mosaic with patinated brass frame, Courtesy of Dr. Fatima Zuberi, © Shahzia Sikander.

A floating feminine form without a head and connected tendrils in place of hands and feet against a painted black background.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), A Slight and Pleasing Dislocation, 1993, gouache and gesso on board, Cincinnati Art Museum, Alice Bimel Endowment for Asian Art, 2019.195

Multiple women overlap and create a circular flower shape with pink petals stemming from the figures’ skirts. The form is suspended against green foliage.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), Arose, 2020, glass mosaic with patinated brass frame, Courtesy of Joel S. Pizzuti, © Shahzia Sikander.

A still from an animated work of a soldier in a 19th century British colonial uniform, who stands in profile against the doorway of a building decorated with floral motifs.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), The Last Post, 2010, single channel HD digital animation with 5.1 surround sound, Courtesy of Sean Kelly Gallery, © Shahzia Sikander.

A hazy winged figure suspended between two washes of color, yellow and red, A dark green line runs from center to left.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), Empire Follows Art: States of Agitation 8, 2020, mixed media on paper, From the collection of S. Lwin and F. Karim

Valves, spools, and knobs are piled together and covered in green, dripping paint to resemble a Christmas tree, while winged blue and gray figures encircle the central tree.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), Shroud, 2020, watercolor, ink and gouache on paper; Nicoletta Fiorucci Collection

A headless figure with six arms stands in the center, holding a winged fantastical animal, and is surrounded by urdu letters, portraits of women, and drawings of childlike figures.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), Segments of Desire Go Wandering Off, 1998, collage with vegetable color, dry pigment, watercolor, graphite, and tea on wasli paper; Martin and Rebecca Eisenberg, New York, © Shahzia Sikander.

A sculpture depicting two intertwined figures—an Indian celestial being standing and gazing down at Venus, sitting.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), Promiscuous Intimacies, 2020, patinated bronze, Courtesy of Joel S. Pizzuti, © Shahzia Sikander.

A portrait of the artist Shahzia Sikander against an abstracted, fragmented background of yellow and gray figures and forms.

Shahzia Sikander (Pakistani and American, b. 1969), Portrait of the Artist (Suite of 4), no. 3, 2016, etching, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Artist, © Shahzia Sikander.

This exhibition is organized and presented by the Cincinnati Art Museum and the Cleveland Museum of Art.

This presentation is made possible through the generosity of the Terra Foundation for American Art, The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, presenting sponsor Kenneth J. Birdwell, and individual supporters Rebecca and Irad Carmi, and Lauren Rich Fine. Generous funding for Collective Behavior comes from Sean Kelly Gallery and the CMA Fund for Exhibitions.

Additional support comes from the Albert B. Cord Charitable Foundation; Pace Prints, New York; Pilar Corrias Gallery; Twelve Gates Arts; anonymous donors; Shakila T. Ahmad; Tanu Bhati; Saba A. Chughtai; Julie and Abhijit Desai; Liz Grubow and Jerry Kathman; JoLynn and Byron Gustin, Syed Zubair Haq; Alina Khan; Zofeen Khan; Samar Kaukab and Haroon Moghul; Helen Little; Soumya S. Patnaik; Ron Pizzuti; Kristi Nelson and Stewart Goldman; and Sara M. Vance Waddell.

Organizing Institutions
Cincinnati Art Museum
The Cleveland Museum of Art

Exhibition Curators
Ainsley M. Cameron
Emily Liebert

Exhibitor
Shahzia Sikander

Production
D. H. office

Exhibition Architecture
Philipp Krummel

Graphic Design
Sebastiano Girardi Studio