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Growth potential and immunity of the Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), cultured in grow-out ponds at varying densities and salinities

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Abstract

With an aim to evaluate the culture potential of Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus grow-out farming trials were carried out under different salinity regimes and stocking densities across the coastal states of India (West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala). The growth performance and immunity status were assessed under two different stocking densities (low and high) at each salinity regime (S1: 3–7; S2: 8–15; S3:15–25; S4:25–35; and S5:40–60 ppt) for a period of 80–120 days. Significantly higher growth was observed in the salinity range of 15 to 35 ppt with average daily growth (ADG) up to 0.195 ± 0.032 compared to low ADG of 0.125 ± 0.021 in very low and very high salinity range (< 7 ppt and > 40 ppt). Similarly, the final mean harvest weight of P. indicus reared at 15–25 ppt salinity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to other salinity ranges. The lower stocking density treatment ponds demonstrated higher mean harvest weight (18–30 g) with a production ranged from 2200.59 ± 331.09 kg/ha/crop to 3611.02 ± 218.23 kg/ha/crop compared to higher density ponds (12–20 g) which was ranged from 4338.67 ± 650.37 kg/ha/crop to 7817.31 ± 158.78 kg/ha/crop. The total productivity (kg/ha/crop) significantly (p < 0.05) increased with increase in stocking density by 20–30% while it was comparable between salinity ranges. The prophenoloxidase (PPO) activity gradually increased or decreased correspondingly to the salinity level with significantly lower PPO activity being observed at very low (5 ppt) and very high (60 ppt) than other salinity ranges. The serum protein and lysozyme also varied with the salinity range. Different densities did not affect immune parameters much, although lower stocking density was showing marginal increase. This study is based on large data from multi-location trials undertaken across different salinity ranges and stocking densities and provides a field-level assessment of growth potential of this native shrimp species in different geographic locations.

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Acknowledgements

The facilities provided by the Director of ICAR-CIBA is gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

This manuscript is part of a research project funded by the National Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad, and carried out at the ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, MRC Nagar, Chennai, 600028, India

    Akshaya Panigrahi, Rashmi Ranjan Das, I. F. Biju, A. Saravanan, Soumyabrata Sarkar, P. S. S. Shyne Anand, L. Christina, J. Antony, K. P. Kumaraguru Vasagam, K. Ambasankar, M. Jayanthi, M. Kumaran, P. Mahalaxmi, S. Rajamanickam & C. P. Balasubramanian

  2. Fisheries Business School, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, DIVA Campus, ECR, Muttukadu, Chennai, 603112, Tamil Nadu, India

    Soumyabrata Sarkar

Authors
  1. Akshaya Panigrahi
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  2. Rashmi Ranjan Das
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  3. I. F. Biju
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  4. A. Saravanan
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  5. Soumyabrata Sarkar
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  6. P. S. S. Shyne Anand
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  7. L. Christina
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  8. J. Antony
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  9. K. P. Kumaraguru Vasagam
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  10. K. Ambasankar
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  11. M. Jayanthi
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  12. M. Kumaran
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  13. P. Mahalaxmi
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  14. S. Rajamanickam
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  15. C. P. Balasubramanian
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akshaya Panigrahi.

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Ethics approval

The research work was carried out with the approval of the statutory authorities of the Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India, in adherence with the current animal welfare laws in India. Guidelines of the CPCSEA are followed for care and treatment of the experimental animal used in this study (Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals, Ministry of Environment & Forests (Animal Welfare Division), Govt. of India) on care and use of animals in scientific research. The experimental animal Penaeus indicus is not an endangered shrimp, and the provisions of the Govt. of India’s Wildlife Protection 453 Act 1972 are not applicable for experiments on this fish.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Panigrahi, A., Das, R.R., Biju, I.F. et al. Growth potential and immunity of the Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), cultured in grow-out ponds at varying densities and salinities. Aquacult Int 31, 1523–1549 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-01039-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-01039-7

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