Commercially Important Crustaceans of Pakistan

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2 Commercially Important Crustaceans of Pakistan
Quddusi B. Kazmi Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Pakistan.

3 Introduction Crusacea-a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice and barnacle Most crustaceans are free-living pelagic aquatic animals, but some are terrestrial (e.g. woodlice), some are parasitc (e.g. Rhizocephala, fish lice) and some are sessile (e.g. barnacles) The subphylum Crustacea comprises almost 70,000 described species,

4 Results Pakistani species Marine Freshwater

5 Shrimps -23 spp Sicyonia lancifer (Olivier, 1811). Bathymetric, 22-31m
Penaeus monodon Fabricius, mm. Likes mud or sand bottom at all depths from shallow to 110m. Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, m. On sandy or muddy bottoms in depth down to 130m, juveniles estuarine Gennadas propinquus Rathbun, m

6 Shrimps Pnaeus indicus (H. Milne- Edwards, 1837) mm. Juveniles in estuaries, adult like mud at depth of 2-90m Penaeus  penicillatus (Alcock, 1905) mm. From shoreline down to 90m. Penaeus  merguiensis (de Man, 1888) mm. Lives in shallow water between 10-45m on muddy bottom, juveniles estuarine Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) pulchricaudatus Stebbing, mm. Lives on sandy/mud sandy bottoms at depth upto 90m

7 Shrimps Solenocera choprai Nataraj, mm. 5o-175m; outer continental shelf Solenocera hextii Wood-Mason, mm. Outer continental shelf and beyond 200m depth Solenocera melantho De Man, 1907 Solenocera crassicornis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). 40mm. Inshore and outer continental shelf, 80m depth, common on muddy bottoms

8 Shrimps Solenocera pectinata(Bate, 1881). 4-39mm. 45-108m.
Parapenaeus fissurus (Bate, 1881) mm. Depth 50 to 274m in mud and sand Parapenaeus longipes Alcock, mm. Depth 13 to 88m Metapenaeus lysianassa (de Man, 1888). Depth 5-9m

9 Shrimps Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) mm. Muddy bottoms in shallow water Metapenaeus brevicornis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) mm. Down to about 90m, also found in brackish water and even in nearly freshwater Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1789) mm. In shallow water down to 60m, prefers sandy mud bottom and brackish to marine salinity as low as to upto 30%. Metapenaeus stebbingi Nobili, mm. Inshore sea.

10 Shrimps Metapenaeopsis stridulans Alcock, mm. Inshore and outer continental shelf. Parapenaeopsis acclivirostris Alcock, mm. Shallow coastal area Parapenaeopsis hardwickii (Miers, 1878) mm. In fairly shallow water to about 90m. Other genera Trachysalambria and Ganjampenaeopsis  Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller, 1862) mm. In coarse sand and fine mud bottoms at depth down to 90m Parapenaeopsis stylifera (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) mm. Preferring depths of 20-90m.

11 Lobsters Panulirus polyphagus Herbst, mm. On muddy bottom in turbid water close to river mouths at 3-90m depth Panulirus versicolor Latreille, mm. In shallow waters, to 15m depth in clear strong flowing water Thenus orientalis Lund, mm. Intertidally on a sandy beach, 0-140m. Thenus indicus Leach, Sandy bottom. Thenus parindicus Burton and Davie, Sandy bottom Panulirus penicillatus Olivier, mm. From 1-4m, rocky substrate in surf zone. Panulirus homarus megasculpta Pesta, mm. Shallow waters between 1 and 90m depth.

12 Crabs Portunus (Portunus) segnis (Forskål, 1775) . Upto 200mm. Under rocks and in rock pools; in different habitats mostly at estuaries to the open sea salinity ranges from about 30 to 40 Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798). Purple mudcrab. 200mm. Associated with mangrove forests Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783). 56 x 124mm. Sandy, rocky bottoms Charybdis feriata Linnaeus, x 100mm. Rocky or stony coast, coral reef flats. Sandy muddy substratum

13 Freshwater crabs Cardisoma carnifex (Herbst, 1794)
Several species of freshwater shrimps and crabs in our area could be hurtling towards extinction, due to escalating human activities in their habitat . In small water bodies and in the cultivated fields causing significant harm to the cultivated plants (crops).

14 Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879)  . Male 320mm, female 250m. In fresh and brackish water, sometimes marine Exopalaemon styliferus (H. Milne Edwards, 1840). 90mm. In shallow coastal waters mainly marine but also in brackish water and even in freshwater,even in marine environment Macrobrachium malcolmsonii Nematopalaemon tenuipes Henderson, mm. Sea and brackish water to depth of only 17 m

15 Artemia Artemia parthenogenetic a native strain from Karachi Solar Salt Works .(Sultana et al,1991)

16 Nuisance spp Why are these groups considered to be a nuisance?
Poisonous crab spp Cirripedeans Wood boring Biofoulers-Mainly barnacles Responsible for signifcant biofouling ( the attachment of organisms to a surface in contact with water for a period of time). various industries suffer, from offshore oil and gas industries to fishing equipment and cooling systems. can slow the ship  .Attachment to the hull of a ship can increase a ship's fuel consumption by up to 30% and also maintenance costs. Parasitic barnacles- Octolasmis

17 Nuisance spp isopods copepods
Other Parasitic crustaceans -copepodan,branchiuran, isopod and decapod - responsible for severe disease outbreaks in finfish aquaculture  and in wild stocks branchiurans-Argulus isopods copepods isopods that can attach themselves to humans and inflict painful bites, although this is rare.

18 Potentiallly commercial
Sergestids and mysid shrimps Small-sized shrimps; marine or marine and estuarine; Pakistani species belonging to the genus Acetes found in shallow waters Some fishermen regularly consume and Acetes affords a major source of protein to the coastal population . Mysid-commercial importance in the aquarium pet industry and as food for penaeid shrimp and fish larvae in aquaculture Stomatopods- Culinary uses-aquaria Ornamental spp

19 Conclusion Shrimp/prawns  Main fish commodity traded in value terms .Out of 30 Pakistani marine shrimps 12 are commercially important and of 11 Pakistani fresh water spp only 2 are economically important. Crabs Among 200 Pakistani marine crabs , only 5 species - Portunus segnis , Portunus sanguinolentus , Scylla tranquebarica , S. olivacea and Charybdis feriatus have economic value .From more than 1,300 spp worldover 7 fresh water Pakistani crabs none is commercially important here. Actually no detailed research had so far been carried out on any Pakistani freshwater crabs when we go through the literature we realize that up to now, the majority of the data and information obtainable is merely on marine crabs. Lobsters There are 16 lobsters species found in rocky or reef habitat area in our shallow coastal waters ;three species of spiny lobsters, Panulirus polyphagus, Panulirus homarus and Panulirus versicolor, are of main commercial importance and among slipper lobsters, Thenus orientalis and Scyllarides tridacnophaga, have market value The paper concludes that crustaceans are an important source of aquatic food protein. Production (as food and ornamental) and trade are extremely important for developing countries like Pakistan. It provides both economic development and empowerment in terms of contribution to GDP, consumption, employment, catch value and exports.

20 Lobsters There are 16 lobsters species found in rocky or reef habitat area in our shallow coastal waters ;three species of spiny lobsters, Panulirus polyphagus, Panulirus homarus and Panulirus versicolor, are of main commercial importance and among slipper lobsters, Thenus orientalis and Scyllarides tridacnophaga, have market value