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Texts Of Animal Sacrifices In The Indus Script Confirms The Indus Civilisation is Vedic

Texts Of Animal Sacrifices In The Indus Script Confirms The Indus Civilisation is Vedic

Texts Of Animal Sacrifices In The Indus Script Confirms The Indus Civilisation is Vedic

Texts Of Animal Sacrifices In The Indus Script Confirms The Indus Civilisation is Vedic

Texts Of Animal Sacrifices In The Indus Script Confirms The Indus Civilisation is Vedic

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One of the reasons for the hesitation of scholars to accept the Indus valley civilisation as vedic is that the Rg veda has several passages referring to Asva-the horse and the veda itself states that its horse has 34 ribs whereas modern horse usually has 36 ribs. According to the prevalent history of Bharata varsha as told by western scholars the Indus valley civilisation belonged to the Dravida/Munda people and the vedic people(Aryans) reached India around 1900 BCE only . But in reality the Indus civilisation is vedic and the vedic people were in the Indus Valley at least from 6000BCE as seen from the excavations. If an unknown script can explain the known myth and known history of a nation,what more proof is required to show that the script belongs to the same people.The script of Egypt explains their myth and history.The script of Sumer,Akkad or Elam does the same.So it is natural for the Indus script to denote the myth and history of the Hindu/Sindhu / Sarasvati/ vindu/vipra/sura/ bhuusura/bhudeva/bharata/Kuru/Pancala/Somaka people.Hence we shall try to understand a bit of Indian history through the Indus script.We shall presently see evidences pointing to the existence of the Aryans in the Indus Valley several millennia prior to the so called Aryan arrival in the Indus valley. In the last articles we have looked into the writing of the Harappans in the early Ravi/Kot Diji phases and concluded that they are the same vedic people of the mature Harappan phase;we have compared an inscribed Ravi sherd showing presence of the Pancalas/ Bharatas in the Indus valley before 3300BCE and a Taxila coin showing their presence in Taxila around 200 BCE confirming the continuity of the vedic civilisation in the Indus Valley from the early Harappan days;we have seen how an indus seal portray the story of Ahalya described in later literature; we have explored the universal idea of the mount of the dead Concept In The Worship Of The Sun God . We have gone into the issue of the vedic horse and the number of its ribs and the birth of Kharoshti and Brahmi from this horse’s mouth. We have also looked into the relation of the Iranian supreme god Ahura Mazda to the Harappan Sarasvati. In this article we are looking into the evidence of animal sacrifices from Harappan times to the present to show the continuity of vediccivilisation from Harappan times to the present.

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The Birth Of Kharoshti And Brahmi From The Mouth Of Uccaisravas-The Harappan Horse

vijaya bhaarati

Hearing the story of the evolution of the Indus script into Kharoshti and Brahmi from the horse(khara)’s mouth(oshti) is well and good!The vedic sacrificial horse says it has 34 ribs and a h-igh ear(srava) to h-ear.The h/k is khara. Brahmins were born from the mukha/mouth of Brahma according to the Purusha sukta.But mukha/vac/asva is speech. Thus Brahmi is the pada/nada/foot/word/speech of Uccaisravas the horse of Indra-the king’s speech-the uktha-the suktha- the word from the horse’s mouth-bharata/veda/deva/ rava/lekha/ akshara/khara/arka/ asva/ Asvathama etc. One of the reasons for the hesitation of scholars to accept the Indus valley civilisation as vedic is that the Rg veda has several passages referring to Asva-the horse and the veda itself states that its horse has 34 ribs whereas modern horse usually has 36 ribs. According to the prevalent history of Bharata varsha as told by western scholars the Indus valley civilisation belonged to the Dravida/Munda people and the vedic people(Aryans) reached India around 1900 BCE only . But in reality the Indus civilisation is vedic and the vedic people were in the Indus Valley at least from 6000BCE as seen from the excavations. If an unknown script can explain the known myth and known history of a nation,what more proof is required to show that the script belongs to the same people.The script of Egypt explains their myth and history.The script of Sumer,Akkad or Elam does the same.So it is natural for the Indus script to denote the myth and history of the Hindu/Sindhu / Sarasvati/ vindu/vipra/sura/ bhuusura/bhudeva/bharata/kuru/pancala/Somaka people.Hence we shall try to understand a bit of Indian history through the Indus script.We shall presently see evidences pointing to the existence of the Aryans in the Indus Valley several millennia prior to the so called Aryan arrival in the Indus valley. In the last articles we have looked into the writing of the Harappans in the early Ravi/Kot Diji phases and concluded that they are the same vedic people of the mature Harappan phase;we have compared an inscribed Ravi sherd showing presence of the Pancalas/ Bharatas in the Indus valley before 3300BCE and a Taxila coin showing their presence in Taxila around 200 BCE confirming the continuity of the vedic civilisation in the Indus Valley from the early Harappan days;we have seen how an indus seal portray the story of Ahalya described in later literature; we have explored the universal idea of the mount of the dead Concept In The Worship Of The Sun God . In this article we are going to look into the issue of the vedic horse and the number of its ribs and the birth of Kharoshti and Brahmi from this horse. This is the asvamedha of the Indus script.

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The Decoded Indus Script-11 Migration Of The Harappans From Kalibangan To Kodungallur

vijaya bhaarati

According to the prevalent history of Bharata varsha as told by western scholars the Indus valley civilisation belonged to the Dravida/Munda people and the vedic people(Aryans) reached India around 1900 BCE only . But in reality the Indus civilisation is vedic and the vedic people were in the Indus Valley at least from 6000BCE as seen from the excavations. If an unknown script can explain the known myth and known history of a nation,what more proof is required to show that the script belongs to the same people.The script of Egypt explains their myth and history.The script of Sumer,Akkad or Elam does the same.So it is natural for the Indus script to denote the myth and history of the Hindu/Sindhu / Sarasvati/ vindu/vipra/sura/ bhuusura/bhudeva/bharata/kuru/pancala/Somaka people.Hence we shall try to understand a bit of Indian history through the Indus script.We shall presently see evidences pointing to the existence of the Aryans in the Indus Valley several millennia prior to the so called Aryan arrival in the Indus valley. In the last articles we have looked into the writing of the Harappans in the early Ravi/Kot Diji phases and concluded that they are the same vedic people of the mature Harappan phase;we have compared an inscribed Ravi sherd showing presence of the Pancalas/ Bharatas in the Indus valley before 3300BCE and a Taxila coin showing their presence in Taxila around 200 BCE confirming the continuity of the vedic civilisation in the Indus Valley from the early Harappan days;we have seen how an indus seal portray the story of Ahalya described in later literature; we have explored the universal idea of the mount of the dead Concept In The Worship Of The Sun God . One of the reasons for the hesitation of scholars to accept the Indus valley civilisation as vedic is that the Rg veda has several passages referring to Asva-the horse and the veda itself states that its horse has 34 ribs whereas modern horse usually has 36 ribs. In the last articles we have gone into the issue of the vedic horse and the number of its ribs. Interestingly many of the Harappan Inscriptions refer to the Asvamedha itself as we have seen .There was no horse,but they are speaking of asvamedhas! In this article we are exploring the Harappan connection to Kodungallur(Kerala) through the temple rituals/festivals at the Kodungallur Bhagavati Temple,one of the oldest south Indian temples,which help us understand the symbols of the Indus script in a much better way.

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* Janamejaya’s Sarpa Satra And The Deciphered Bharata Varsha(Indus ) Script*

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All known religions of the world worshipped and continue to worship time(sun/ka) as god(sa),Saka,Prajaapati,D-aksha,the god without beginning and end,the god present everywhere,the god who manifests or creates everything,the god into whom everyone and everything passes into.The Rg veda is the oldest religious text of the world .Vedic texts introduced the worship of time(sun) as prajaapati,putra(son), sarpa(snake), Garuda(Horus), Harischandra, Dasaraaja,Samvatsara satra,Daksha yaaga, asvamedha, vaajapeya, sarpasatra, gavaamayana,pitR bali(sraddha) etc.There is evidence present in the Harappan seals to show the links of the ancient Natufian, Anatolian(Gobekli Tepe), Sumerian, Egyptian, Babylonian,Greek , Hebrew,Roman and Arabian religious beliefs to the beliefs of the Vedic religion. The decipherment of the Harappan seals reveals how various Vedic sacrificial rituals were devised by the vedic priests to worship time/varsha/prajaapati/agni/sun. The result of this study refutes the theory that IVC inscriptions do not contain any script and it shows that the contents of the inscriptions are related to the vedic religion,vedic sacrifices,vedic astronomy,vedic astrology and the Hindu Sanatana dharma.

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The PutrakameshTi(Asvamedha/Dasarajna) Yaaga And The Deciphered Bharata Varsha(Indus) Script

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The decipherment of the Indus Script shows the Vedic PutrakameshTi Yaaga as the basis for the sacrificial rituals of major world religions like Buddhism, Jainism, Judaism, Christianity etc.There is only one god,the sun,but the sages call him by different names RV.1.164.46 The “suparno/winged garutman ” is Indra/ Garuda/ Horus/Vishnu/ Visva/mitra/putra/ varsha/ Herod,Christ etc.Yajna -sacrifice is samaya-time and tanaya-putra-son. Soma pavamaana is birth of the sun/son. The Exodus from Egypt/The Passover of Israel is the Vernal Equinox. Augustus Caesar as “son of god”/Putra/Soter/X-aviour,is the Christ of the Bible. The true source of Roman Mithraic Mysteries is traced to Rgvedic Visvamitra cult of Hinduism.Vedic Caitra(siras/siirsha/rosh-head) Varsha(hashana) sacrifice(Daksha Yaaga/Asvamedha/Dasarajna/PutrakameshTi) is the basis for Rosh(head, Caitra/ siirsha/ Caesar/Christ) HashaNa(haayana/varsha/year) and the Julian(suurya-sun-son-savana-sacrifice)/Christian Year and suurya(varsha-Putra) medha(mass-sacrifice) or Holy Mass.

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The Veda As The Eternal Soma

vijaya bhaarati

The Harappan seals contain several linguistic symbols which have not been properly understood so far.Through my works especially- Indus script decipherment breakthrough, PaNameTa-the troy tower weight and measure system of Harappa, The Harappan Symbol Of Man+ Trident And Its Relation To Kausika Visvamitra And The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower Weights), The Harappan Unicorn And The Kalinga Malla MeTas(Tower Weights) , The Harappan Symbol Of Intersecting Circles And Its Relation To Kausika Visvamitra And The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower weights), The Harappan Contest Motif Of Nude Man With Six Locks Of Hair Fighting Two Tigers And Its Relation To The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower Weights), The Harappan symbols of Roots, Nuts And Cocks And Their Relation To Kausika Visvamitra And The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower weights), Identification Of KaNva In The Indus Script, Identification Of Troy In The Indus script,Identification Of Barley And Mustard In The Indus Script, Krishna’s Mathura And Dvaraka In The Indus Script, The Pinna In The Indus Script, The Identity Of Vedic Sarasvati And The Location Of Krishna’s Dvaraka, Identification Of Vedic Bharadvaja In The Indus Script, Krishna’s Dvaraka In The Indus Script, One Symbol Of Indus Script Can Tell A Lot About The Indus Valley Civilisation, The Identity Of Kasyapa In The Indus Valley And Sumeria, Kusa -The Son Of Rama-In Mesopotamia(Sumer),Indus -Sumer Trade, A Few “Copper” Names In The Indus Script, Janaka-King Of Mithila-In The Indus Script,The Vedic Asvins, Yama And Kartikeya In The Indus Script, The Goddess Sarasvati And The Origin Of Brahmi And Kharoshthi, The Origin Of The Roman Aes Grave From The Indus Valley Money, A Solution To The Mystery Of The Gundestrup Cauldron - I have shown that several seals contain vedic metrological terms,names of vedic ornaments,names of people and places etc.In this work I am carrying forward the study of the vedic soma in the Indus seals with illustrative examples.My perception is that only a comprehensive study of ancient vedas can decipher the script symbols satisfactorily. We have confirmed Mohenjodaro as the first Dvaraka on the basis of the inscription on the copperplate B7C2 from there and textual evidences from the Rgveda, Mahabharata etc.We have located PadmakuuTa,one of the palaces of Krishna there.Also we have identified the Sindhu(Indus) as the Vedic Sarasvati river.We have gone through the symbols identifying the Bharadvajas,the clan of composers of the earliest vedic texts.In Krishna’s Dvaraka we gathered more details from the script on Lord Krishna’s Dvaraka and Sindhu/Sarasvati. We have looked into the indications of the Harappan jar symbol with three forks on each edge.We have located the Kasyapas in Hastinapura trading with Sumeria.We have decoded the Mari Standard,went deeper into the meanings of several Sumerian images and confirmed Meluhha as Mathura/Vedic Harappa/Indus valley. We have located Janaka,the king of Mithila,father-in-law of Rama, in the Indus script.We have identified the names of copper in the Indus script and located the Asvins,Yama and Skanda in the Indus script. We have seen how Brahmi and Kharoshthi evolved from the Indus Script and how the Indus script was in use along with Brahmi/Kharoshthi even into the first centuries CE.We have seen how the coins of the ancient world,including the Roman coins evolved from the Indus valley money. We have looked for and located a Rosetta Stone for the Indus script, in the varaha/gadyanaka coin form. We have gone into the relation of the Druids to the Indus valley civilisation and the role of their Gundestrup Cauldron in the evolution of Christianity. We have explored the relation of the Anau seal to the Indus Valley Civilisation. In this article we are studying the vedic soma and its importance in the life of the Harappans. We can see that the soma of the vedas is the veda/its mantras itself,apart from the sun god/agni , anna/srava (rice,soma,sruu-veda).Food is god.Typical is the temptation of the Christ where the god(sura/srava/soma/sma/amsa/ azma/ aham/atma/jina/bhaga) was asked to convert stone(asma/sila-body of god) into bread(asana/adana/anna/bhak-shana>bhaga-jina>sura-jana). Instead of the stone, the god gave his own body(soma/tanu/ sariira>srii-ra; srii,Mal.tii=ra=agni+soma>agni-shToma>savitR>sa-patri>bera>veda ) as food(anna) for man! Note the use of the purodasa(rice cake)/ prasadam(pancamRtam ,pongal,aval,fruits)/ eucharist (white solar bread) etc.during worship services to denote the sun(soma)'s descent into the world as food of man.

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The Eternal Soma Of The Vedas

vijaya bhaarati

The Harappan seals contain several linguistic symbols which have not been properly understood so far.Through my works especially- Indus script decipherment breakthrough, PaNameTa-the troy tower weight and measure system of Harappa, The Harappan Symbol Of Man+ Trident And Its Relation To Kausika Visvamitra And The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower Weights), The Harappan Unicorn And The Kalinga Malla MeTas(Tower Weights) , The Harappan Symbol Of Intersecting Circles And Its Relation To Kausika Visvamitra And The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower weights), The Harappan Contest Motif Of Nude Man With Six Locks Of Hair Fighting Two Tigers And Its Relation To The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower Weights), The Harappan symbols of Roots, Nuts And Cocks And Their Relation To Kausika Visvamitra And The Kalinga Malla MeTas( Tower weights), Identification Of KaNva In The Indus Script, Identification Of Troy In The Indus script,Identification Of Barley And Mustard In The Indus Script, Krishna’s Mathura And Dvaraka In The Indus Script, The Pinna In The Indus Script, The Identity Of Vedic Sarasvati And The Location Of Krishna’s Dvaraka, Identification Of Vedic Bharadvaja In The Indus Script, Krishna’s Dvaraka In The Indus Script, One Symbol Of Indus Script Can Tell A Lot About The Indus Valley Civilisation, The Identity Of Kasyapa In The Indus Valley And Sumeria, Kusa -The Son Of Rama-In Mesopotamia(Sumer),Indus -Sumer Trade, A Few “Copper” Names In The Indus Script, Janaka-King Of Mithila-In The Indus Script,The Vedic Asvins, Yama And Kartikeya In The Indus Script, The Goddess Sarasvati And The Origin Of Brahmi And Kharoshthi, The Origin Of The Roman Aes Grave From The Indus Valley Money, A Solution To The Mystery Of The Gundestrup Cauldron - I have shown that several seals contain vedic metrological terms,names of vedic ornaments,names of people and places etc.In this work I am carrying forward the study of vedic metrology in the Indus seals with further illustrative examples.My perception is that only a comprehensive study of ancient vedic metrology can decipher the script symbols satisfactorily. A significant find herein is the existence of the Kalinga malla mana system during Harappan times challenging the common perception of its origin from the later Kalinga kingdom(Orissa).The unicorn is identified as the pala/nishka.Intersecting circles, fish , crab,bud,tower signs also have the same indications.The six locks of hair indicate the paNameTa weight of six barley grains.Roots and nuts indicate viira bhadra/ Drupada/ pala.We have located Lord Krishna’s Mathura and Dvaraka in the Indus valley scripts. We have confirmed Mohenjodaro as the first Dvaraka on the basis of the inscription on the copperplate B7C2 from there and textual evidences from the Rgveda, Mahabharata etc.We have located PadmakuuTa,one of the palaces of Krishna there.Also we have identified the Sindhu(Indus) as the Vedic Sarasvati river.We have gone through the symbols identifying the Bharadvajas,the clan of composers of the earliest vedic texts.In Krishna’s Dvaraka we gathered more details from the script on Lord Krishna’s Dvaraka and Sindhu/Sarasvati. We have looked into the indications of the Harappan jar symbol with three forks on each edge.We have located the Kasyapas in Hastinapura trading with Sumeria.We have decoded the Mari Standard,went deeper into the meanings of several Sumerian images and confirmed Meluhha as Vedic Harappa/Indus valley. We have located Janaka,the king of Mithila,father-in-law of Rama, in the Indus script.We have identified the names of copper in the Indus script and located the Asvins,Yama and Skanda in the Indus script.In A Model For Indus Script Decipherment we have identified the deity in the seal M-1181 and built a model for complete decipherment of the Indus script. We have seen how Brahmi and Kharoshthi evolved from the Indus Script and how the Indus script was in use along with Brahmi/Kharoshthi even into the first centuries CE.We have seen how the coins of the ancient world,including the Roman coins evolved from the Indus valley money. We have looked for and located a Rosetta Stone for the Indus script, in the varaha/gadyanaka coin form. We have gone into the relation of the Druids to the Indus valley civilisation and the role of their Gundestrup cauldron in the evolution of Christianity. We have explored the relation of the Anau seal to the Indus Valley Civilisation. In this article we are studying the vedic soma and its importance in the life of the Harappans.

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Time(Sun) As The Body Of God, Son Of God , Voice Of God, King Of Man, Son Of Man And Food of Man In Vedic/ Christian Sacrifices

vijaya bhaarati

The decipherment of the Indus Script shows the Vedic PutrakameshTi Yaaga as the basis of the sacrificial rituals of major world religions like Buddhism, Jainism, Judaism, Christianity etc.There is only one god,the sun,but the sages call him by different names RV.1.164.46 The “suparno/winged garutman” is Indra/ Garuda/ Horus/Vishnu/Visva/mitra/putra/varsha/Herod,Christ etc.Yajna -sacrifice is samaya-time and tanaya-putra-son. Soma pavamaana is birth of the sun/son. The Exodus from Egypt/The Passover of Israel is the Vernal Equinox. Augustus Caesar as “son of god”/Putra/Soter,is the Christ of the Bible. The true source of Roman Mithraic Mysteries is traced to Rgvedic Visvamitra cult of Hinduism.

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The Sun God And The Son Of God

vijaya bhaarati

The decipherment of the Indus Script shows the Vedic PutrakameshTi Yaaga as the basis for the sacrificial rituals of major world religions like Buddhism, Jainism, Judaism, and Christianity .There is only one god,the sun,but the sages call him by different names RV.1.164.46 The “suparno/winged garutman ” is Indra/ Garuda/ Horus/Vishnu/ Visva/mitra/putra/ varsha/ Herod,Christ etc.Samaya-time is yajna -sacrifice ,sayana(sex,house,bed),tanaya(putra-son) and dhanya(grain).Soma pavamaana is birth of the sun/son. The Exodus from Egypt/Sinai/Miina/Nineveh/Harosheth Haggoyim/Jordan with Soma/AruNa/Aaron/Moses/ Jonah/John/Thoma is the beginning of the New Year/Pascah/Passover of Israel/fast and penance of Ninevites/baptism of Christ/Lent of 40 or 50 days with the Sun in Visaakha/Mesha/Aja/Aries at the Vernal Equinox.The northeast sign of Pisces marks the removal of nisa(night,ignorance,sin) and the appearance of dawn and light whence its planetary lord(denoting the northeast sun of the day) is called Ijya,Guru(teacher), Giishpati,BRhaspati , Vakpati,Vacaspati etc. as bhaasha(speech) is bhaasa(light)/ bhaata(dawn)/ paada(feet)/veda etc. Miina(Pisces,Sinai) is also called Ijya-pada(Egypt), Itthasi(Italy-seat of Caesar/God/Son of God),matsa(fish,masta-head,dasma-lord/agni;ma-king,na-veda,asta-house,hence house of the god/veda/king;ashTa mangala),matsya(fish,ma-king,na-veda,astya-house).Thus the fish is the symbol of dawn(seat of the sun),palace(seat of the king),temple,church etc. Raja(king,srii,iisa,Ai,Ea,Agni,Enki) is aja(ram,aga-sun,hill,jar,tree,snake), ja(Vishnu,son,man)/ sa(god,bird,snake) of ra(agni,fire,sun).Hence kings of Bharata varsha,Mesopotamia,Egypt,Rome etc. considered themselves as sons of the Sun god. Augustus Caesar as “son of god”/Putra/Soter/X-aviour,is the Christ of the Bible. The true source of Roman Mithraic Mysteries is traced to Rgvedic Visvamitra/Mitra cult of Hinduism.

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Nakula Sahadeva Ratha As A Rosetta Stone For The Indus Script

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Come the season of Spring with the sun at the Vernal Equinox , the Christian church observes the forty day period of Lent based on the biblical story of the prophet Jonah of the city of Nineveh, who made god pardon the sins of the Ninevites ,leading to Pascah and the feast of Easter,which marks the beginning of the new sacrificial year beginning in spring season with the annual sun appearing in the east.Several IVC seals and inscriptions denote vedic sacrificial scenes and have references to the sacrificial year(abda/varsha/vatsa/saka/ samaa/haayana)/the crown(crest/Christ) year.The identification of the Nakula Sahadeva Ratha further confirms this. Some of the Harappan seals denote the sun god Vishnu, and his avataras(varsha/dasa-year,time) like Agni, Soma, Rudra, Indra, VaruNa,Mitra, Raama, Hali,KRshNa,Kali,Bhadra,Durga, matsya, kurma, varaha and kaala (dasa-time).The emperor/ king(raaja/srii/hari/nR/iisa/Daksha/Prajapati) was equated with the year(samvatsara) and considered as the son(ja) of the sun(ra) god as in Egypt,Mesopotamia and Rome(cf.Octavian as Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus -son of god ). The emperor (Bharata/Indra/samraaja/cakravartin) was considered the father(pitR/Vishnu) of the nation (varsha/kaala/ praja/svar/ sarpa/ dasa/rasa/desa/ dasra/ satra/sarat/ rajya/ raashTra/ svaruupa).

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The Decoded Indus Script-8 The Mounds Of The Dead That Changed The Destiny And History Of Mankind

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According to the prevalent history of Bharata varsha as told by western scholars the Indus valley civilisation belonged to the Dravida/Munda people and the vedic people(Aryans) reached India around 1900 BCE only . But in reality the Indus civilisation is vedic and the vedic people were in the Indus Valley at least from 6000BCE as seen from the excavations. If an unknown script can explain the known myth and known history of a nation,what more proof is required to show that the script belongs to the same people.The script of Egypt explains their myth and history.The script of Sumer,Akkad or Elam does the same.So it is natural for the Indus script to denote the myth and history of the Hindu/Sindhu / Sarasvati/ vindu/vipra/sura/ bhuusura/bhudeva/bharata/kuru/pancala/Somaka people.Hence in this article we shall try to understand a bit of Indian history through the Indus script.We shall presently see a few evidences pointing to the existence of the Aryans in the Indus Valley several millennia prior to the so called Aryan arrival in the Indus valley. In the last article we have looked into the writing of the Harappans in the early Ravi/Kot Diji phases and concluded that they are the same vedic people of the mature Harappan phase. We have also compared an inscribed Ravi sherd showing presence of the Pancalas/ Bharatas in the Indus valley before 3300BCE and a Taxila coin showing their presence in Taxila around 200 BCE confirming the continuity of the vedic civilisation in the Indus Valley from the early Harappan days.We have also seen how an indus seal portray the story of Ahalya described in later literature. In this article we are exploring the universal idea of the mount of the dead Concept In The Worship Of The Sun God -Pancala-Bharata-Somaka-Moksha-Kosala-Kurukshetra-Dharmakshetra concept-in the solar worship as was practised in the IVC and elsewhere. What are the linquistic and ritual logics employed in the practice? Religions are dependent on rituals and rituals are dependent on languages.Hinduism depends on Bharata/pitR/ deva/rava/veda/Sanskrit/Jina-kshetra/pan-caala language.Budhism depends on the Paali/vaaNi /heli language.Judaism depends on Hebrew/bruuhi language.Christianity depends on Greek/Latin Lnaguage.Islam depends on Arabic languge.All the religions of the world were dependent on words formulated by the priests of those religions as linquistics played a key role in formulating the belief and ritual tenets of their followers.All these religions and the languages owe a great deal to one religion and langage which was the religion of Gobekli Tepe and its language which is the pitR/Bharata /deva/veda language.The Bharatas of Pancala Ruled The known Ancient World By Using The Mound Of The Dead Concept In The Worship Of The Sun God.

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Texts Of Animal Sacrifices In The Indus Script Confirms The Indus Civilisation is Vedic Vijayabhaarati Texts Of Animal Sacrifices In The Indus Script Confirms The Indus Civilisation is Vedic Abstract One of the reasons for the hesitation of scholars to accept the Indus valley civilisation as vedic is that the Rg veda has several passages referring to Asva-the horse and the veda itself states that its horse has 34 ribs whereas modern horse usually has 36 ribs. According to the prevalent history of Bharata varsha as told by western scholars the Indus valley civilisation belonged to the Dravida/Munda people and the vedic people(Aryans) reached India around 1900 BCE only . But in reality the Indus civilisation is vedic and the vedic people were in the Indus Valley at least from 6000BCE as seen from the excavations. If an unknown script can explain the known myth and known history of a nation,what more proof is required to show that the script belongs to the same people.The script of Egypt explains their myth and history.The script of Sumer,Akkad or Elam does the same.So it is natural for the Indus script to denote the myth and history of the Hindu/Sindhu / Sarasvati/ vindu/vipra/sura/ bhuusura/bhudeva/bharata/Kuru/Pancala/Somaka people.Hence we shall try to understand a bit of Indian history through the Indus script.We shall presently see evidences pointing to the existence of the Aryans in the Indus Valley several millennia prior to the so called Aryan arrival in the Indus valley. In the last articles we have looked into the writing of the Harappans in the early Ravi/Kot Diji phases and concluded that they are the same vedic people of the mature Harappan phase;we have compared an inscribed Ravi sherd showing presence of the Pancalas/ Bharatas in the Indus valley before 3300BCE and a Taxila coin showing their presence in Taxila around 200 BCE confirming the continuity of the vedic civilisation in the Indus Valley from the early Harappan days;we have seen how an indus seal portray the story of Ahalya described in later literature; we have explored the universal idea of the mount of the dead Concept In The Worship Of The Sun God . We have gone into the issue of the vedic horse and the number of its ribs and the birth of Kharoshti and Brahmi from this horse’s mouth. We have also looked into the relation of the Iranian supreme god Ahura Mazda to the Harappan Sarasvati. In this article we are looking into the evidence of animal sacrifices from Harappan times to the present to show the continuity of vediccivilisation from Harappan times to the present. Key words Vedic Civilisation,Asvamedha, Harappan fire altars,animal sacrifice, Indus valley civilisation,Harappan civilisation, Sarasvati,Bhadra Kali,Indus script, Kharoshti, Brahmi,Indian history. Excavation Of IVC sites has shown the presence of fire altars at several places ,especially in the Kosala/Yamuna/ Garga(Khagar-Hakra)/Bharadvaja/DroNa/Asvathama/Angiras region .Bharad(bhadra-agni-putra)-vaja(food,horse,medha,biija) indicate bull(bhadra-agni) eater.Angi(agni-bhadra)-rasa(soup,agni,ratha) indicate bull’s soup.As per the Aitareya Brahamana(2.8.1;purusham vai devaa pasumaladanta),the vedic people used to make human and animal sacrifices , till they settled for the sacrifice of purodasa(grain,AB.2.9.1 cf.the Eucharist).Severing the head(saras,Sarasvati) from the neck(gala-kahala-kala-kali-hali-heli-time;hence daybreak; Mal.uTa-break,usha-dawn,hence breaking coconuts and letting out water also gives the same result) of the water buffaloe/ram/cock and giving rakta(blood,Mal.cora-blood,suura-sun) to satisfy the deity to get raksha in return is seen in most of the ancient world.The Christian sacrifice of eating the body of the Christ(the body of the primordial man) and drinking his blood(his life;  "You must not eat the blood of any creature, because the life of every creature is its blood; anyone who eats it must be cut off." Leviticus.17.14.Hence the purodasa sacrifice was established in the Brahamana) to get eternal life is another best example of this vedic practice.Blood was considered as the seat of life.Biija(semen) in the yoni was considered as blood of the man as vaja in the kapala,and bhasa(light) of the sun god in miina(pisces,bhaga-vulva,sun;saya-house,yaja-sacrifice,tara-agni,cross,,,,, ,(suura/siira/mina/bhaga/saras with linga is Suurasena, Durga,Pancali,Sarasvati, Egypt), Pascah;as,sat,cit, asta,sthi,ayu, vac,asva,avasa,abda, vaja, vacaka,Visakha,Isaac) / kumbha(bharani,aries,usha,aja-dawn;asva→aja-bha→as-bha→dawn;a-not,dva-two→eka→arka→agna-khaga-bhaga-vac.Asvins are kumaras/devas→ku-nris/kings cf.baala-kumara,pa/va/bha/ka/ma/ra/paala-deva-king). Asva(Hind.avaz-svar)→mukha(mouth,paNa-metal,copper;karna;nakra;nagara;karana-deed,writ,moon’s phase)→ka(head,agni,sarasvati,peacock,,,,;kalaapa→kalabha→kalpa),adhara(lips),athari(fire,flame, swallower),Atri(a vedic sage,the sun),adri , (sun,hill,tree,stone for pounding soma,cf.mons,mouth,eye). Mukha/asa/asya/aja/yaja-makha-suuya/saya (mouth) with rasana (tongue) is rathantara/ uccaisravas/sarasvati/ vasishtha.Aja/aga is Indra.He is satamakha-maghavan,.He is sa(god,bird,snake cf.khaga,naga,aga). Vedi (altar) Vedi(cf.devi/deva/ravi/rava) is the term for "sacrificial altar" in the Vedic religion(cf.Mal.al-Ficus,tara-raised platform;temples are usually associated with Ficus.It is the seat of Asva-sun,bull,king,fire.cf. ,, ,,,,,, ). These elevated altars were strewn with Kusa grass, and had receptacles for the sacrificial fire.These were of various shapes, but generally narrow in the middle. Mahavedi, the great or entire altar; uttaravedi, the northern altar made for the sacred fire (agnyayatana) ;dhishnya, a side-altar,covered with sand on which the fire is placed ;droNa, , h094 , m274, m253 , M1152an altar shaped like a trough (Shulbas. 3.216) ;adhvaradhishnya, a second altar at the Soma sacrifice etc. are parts of the fire altar. The uttaravedi was in the shape of a falcon,,,,  (alajacita ; "piled up in the shape of the bird Alaja"), piled up with bricks in the Agnicayana ritual. Vedic altars are described in texts dealing with Kalpa (the proper performance of sacrifice), notably the Satapatha Brahmana, and the Sulba sutras say that the Rigveda corresponds to an altar of mantras. Fire altars are already mentioned in the Rigveda. According to Taittiriya Samhita 5.2.3., they are made of twenty-one bricks. In ŚBM 10.4.3.14-20, the altar is made of 396 (360 + 36) yajusmati (special) bricks, and of 10,800 lokamprna (ordinary) bricks. 10,701 lokamprna bricks belong to the ahavaniya altar, 78 to the dhisnya hearths and 21 to the garhapatya. Around the altar are 360 parisrita stones (261 around ahavaniya, 78 around dhisnya, 21 around garhapatya). ŚBM 10.3.1. describes that the altar is symbolically built with gayatri (24 syllables), ushnih (breath, 28 syllables), pankti (mind, 40 syllables), trishtubh (ear, 44 syllables), jagati (awakening,48 syllables) and generative breath. The gayatri altar's height is to the knees, the trishtubh's to the navel and the jagati's to a man's height. At Kalibangan (at the Garga/Ghaggar river) the remains of vedic fire altars have been unearthed. S.R. Rao found similar "fire altars" in Lothal . Vedic Fire Altar(Vedi). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedi_(altar) https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/styles/galleryformatter_slide/public/kalibangan-fire-altars.jpg?itok=nQTbiHJJ Parpola.DTIS page 55. Fig.4.4(a) Vaaja(asva,vac,mukha,makha,adhara,saras,danta,dasma,sadana,matsa,masta,rasana,samaa,samaapa) -sa(aja/aga/khaga/mesha/medha/paNa/bali/vara)-ayana/sa,→vajasaneya.cf. , aja/ka/sa/me+ayana/dha/satra→ →,kanya,hayana,samaya,samaa,syena,varsha,Sarasvati etc. samaapa/samaa→. Samapa satra is dasra/asvamedha/vajapeya. Rasa/medha/soma is peya(drink). rasana→netra→Indra→sa-uu-ma(soma,homa,home,aum)→sa-uu-ra(suura/siira)→sa-o-ma(soma)→aga-ra-hayana(agrahayana)→sa-rasa-pati(Sarasvati)→vac/(mukha)→adhara(lip).Thegoddess of speech is the lips.Lip is lipi/ravi. Vedic Pancala/Suursena/Somaka, ,is Biblical Egypt(Ijya-pada→Miina-Pisces)/Italy(Ithasi→miina→Pisces). Dasa ratra/adri-devi/atri pati/deva→→→→karsana→athar-va→sarpa-yaga→svar-yaga. Bhaga/khaga/bhuja/patra-vati/pati/bhadra/bharata/bhasha/vaca/vaja/mesha/medha→Sarasvati→a-ratha/rasa→Sarada/Varada/adhara-pati/Bharad-vaa-ja(sa/aja)-brihati /VasishTha-rathantara. In the IVC remains of sacrificed animals could be seen in some of the fire altars showing the practice of sacrificing the animals. The tantric style of vandana by panca(five)-ma(madya,matsya, mamsa,mudra,maithuna) certifies to animal sacrifice.Though this practice has come down through the ages some of the bhadra(asva)kali(hani-killing,vani-speech,medha-meat juice) temples continued the practice till very recently.The meat juice (blood,biija) is filtered through the dasapavitra, (medha-dasa-patra/pavitra/bhadra/go/hu/bhu) , to get clear soup(rasa).Hayana(kala/kama) ishti/dasra/asvamedha being kaama medha, bhadra/patni/putra/varsha/vasra/vac-ra/srava/arka/agna,agra,,,-hayana/kanya/sayana/smaya/syena/dhanya,,, -satra/dasra/ surata/medha/mesha/ meTa/meLa,, is also called putra-kaa-meshTi , , (medha-yashti-ishti) also.Hence Rama was born by the asvamedha/Sudasa(shodasa-16,Jupiter dasa-16,aTiyantira-16th day;kala-hala-gala-rasa-ratha-raja-dasa-10,arka-cakra-shadka-salka-sukra-satra-6;kuja-kusa-gaja-aja-asva-haya-7 are years of dasa priods of Jupiter,Moon,Sun and Mars in Parasara’s Vimsottari nakshatra dasa system; Rathantara/Indra ratha(mukha with rasa-na-tongue /makha→sa-uu-ya/raya/ag-niidhra/Mitra-Varuna/ka-ra-na/na-ga-ra/ma-har-shi/sa-kaa-ra/varaha-vac,→hari srii→vac-ra/vasra/varsha/vacana/dhvani/nivid/ prakasa→vriksha→pavi-tra→brihati→brihad-asva→Bharadvaja ;the vedic sages were calling the same sacrificial themes with different words and different symbols;bhRg-fire,bhrigu-cliff,large,slope,elephant,,;bhruu→bruu→caru→sruu→srava→drava→varada/sarada→ varsha →vac,the r is left out;caru/saras+asva/sarasvat,-saras-pati→Sarasvati/dasra-Sarada-Varada devi;paru-sun,sky,fire,mountain, sea+ aksha/nama/ra/akshara--Parushni→parusha-reed, arrow,+ ma/na→,-Parushni(parut/paruss-last year)→bharaNi→→bhruu-aksha(prakasa/ vriksha/ brihati)→sara/saras-asva-dhi-Sarasvati→sravas→ varsha→adhvara) is the period of Jupiter-the year ,the sixteen year and the sixty year periods of Indra/Jupiter as the sun and moon becomes the asvins/eyes in the darsa/New Moon cycle of Masa/month in Pisces/Miina/Jupiter’s house/ Egypt/Italy/ Parushni/Kurukshetra) / surata/satra/ netra(me-rasarasana) /Indra/sa-rasa-pati/vijaya-dasa-mi/vidya-aram-bha/sa-ka-ti/ja-ga-ti/ca-r-uu/ta-r-uu/sa-uu-ra/sa-uu-ma/a-uu-ma/a-rasa-bha/Rathantara conducted by Dasarathaand in the asvamedha of Golgotha Christ handed over John (John.19.26-27) to Mary saying “Woman ,here is your son” and “Here is your mother.” Rasa/dasa-ra/bha is ratra/raja/asva/dasra/ rasabha/bharata/patra,,,,,/ bhadra,,,●,,,,,/ Dasaraja,,/ srava/drava/druu/pajra(soma)/ vajra/vetra(yashti-ishti)/ va-rsha,,/srii-siira-Siita-desa-dasra-Lazarus-Sesha-,,,,/khaga-ravi-devi-,,,,,,-vedi-mahavedi-mons-Munjavat-mahabali,,,,,,,,,,, /satra/ surata/ darsa etc. m639 dasra/dasaraja/bhaarata /suura sena/rathantara/parushni-srii-devi/swa/raa (rajya/swarupa/sva-pura)-harta/panca/varsha/saala/taala/dhaana/kali/viira/ruu/suu-kanya/hayana/bha-tara/rasana/catushtoma/narayana/ surasena/viirabhadra/bharaNi→Dasra-ashtabhuja- devi-bharaNi/Parushni . ayana→yama→alaya→tara→dhara→ratha→dha→stha→asta→shad→ashta→dasa→sata→disa→catur disa→catur dasa→caturbhuja(narayna,Vishnu,krishna)→catushtoma (previous day of asvamedha)cf. -here it is connected with the asvamedha/Saraswati itself.Y-aga/y-ajna is rajya/swarupa/swa-pura/swa-nagari also. bhadra-kali-devi-srii-sarasvati adhara(lips)/oshTa/athari is also shown in,. The soma stones(asma/adri) are the brows(bhruu-bruu),lips(athara-rasa-adri)-walls of the bhaga, ,etc. yajna-yajna (asvamedha/ucchaisravas/udaya/saya) is Brihati.It is seen in, Mackay.1943.pl.51.13. patra/satra/sarat-yajana-yajna-varsha/bhadra-haa-ayana (prakasa/brihati/Bhara-dva-ja/saya/yaja/naga/nagara/pura/rupa)-Rshi/srii/Rtu. Patra is the Dholavira board,the ten commandments on Sinai,the INRI on the cross of the Christ etc.Asva is king/King of Jews/Moses/ Joshua/ Sudas/ Iesvs/Jesus-Nazarenvs/Nazarenus-Rex/king-Ivdæorvm/Judaeorum/satra/dasra. +→hayana/asva/abda/avasa. Yaja being saya the bull’s/asva’s saya with the woman is shown.Brihati(yajna yajna-Bharadvaja) and Rathantara(Vasishtha) are two important sacrificial Rcas given by the Aitareya Brahamana.In the asva Rig also this is mentioned. Asva/Indraratha/Ucchaisravas and Brihati/ prakasa/ vriksha make the day break at the vernal equinox/ autumnal equinox. DTISpage 132.BM120228.yajna-yajna-a-sva-medha/meTa/meLa/Mena→yajna-yajna-ra-tha-ntara(netra) .Thus Brihati and Rathantara are the sacrificial Rcas of Asvamedha/Uccaisravas/varsha yajna. The sun descending into the earth in the southern course is taken as man going into the woman(Mal.mannu-earth,pennu-woman) in intercourse.Hence the sun is worshipped in devi(earth-mother) form.In the northern course he is deva(sky-father) form.Creation begins when the man(sun) goes into the woman(earth).Hence a Jewish day goes from nightfall to nightfall. ... Yom Kippur and Tisha b'Av, however, do begin at nightfall of the previous night.  Hence in the story of creation in Genesis, it is said "And it was evening, and it was morning; day one" .This is as-bha/asva/a-dva/Asvina/Adhvara/ varsha/sravas.Here in southwest angle of the sign of Virgo the sun god descends into the earth to become bhu-sura/bhu-deva/jina/jana/Israel/srii-el/raja(INRI)-el/usra-el as son of the Virgin(Virgo).Hence in the sixth month Gabri(garbha/bharga)-el visits Mary to make the annunciation.Saya/sayana/syena/ samaya/yajana/yajna/yasna/varsha is also ajna(command;unicorns,bulls,tigers,elephants with commands M296A , H009a ; M308 , m318a, M278A ten commandments-Sinai,ten kings-Parushni,ten words-Dholavira,INRI-Golgotha-patra-Pilate-Bharata-Bhadra-Peter)/ vrata(dominion,rule)/And from here the sun or Israel is subdued by Pharaoh(moon)/his army(stars). He/Israel is liberated only through Moses(Heb.moza-soma-sunrise) and Joshua(Udaya/Sudas).Like Sudas of the Dasarajna Joshua goes on a spree of victorious battles(udaya-yudha-ayudha-vidya-vijaya) to establish the Kindom of Israel(srii-el/raja-el). Aja/asa/asya/aga/yaja/saya,/mukha/ makha/Maghavan/raja/kasi/bhadrakali,,,,,/hali/bhadrasva/srii/iisa/suuya is Indra/father of Dasaratha, king,mesha,medha,meshTi,maaDa,naada,natha,naasa,meTa ,etc. Hari-naada,→hari-srii(vidya-knowledge/udaya-rise or sunrise/ayudha-weapon/yudha-war/ vijaya-victory/vishaya-sex,,,-miina-nayana-narayna-vishnu,vishnu’s first avatara-adhvara is as matsya/rati-sex-cross/teri-mleccha-matsa/tari-boat,,ferryman, mushka/ sepha/ pheluka/ aNDa/aNDaka/,,,)→hari-siira→hari-taala→guru-saala→Kuru-Kshetra→Sarasvati kshetra-Kalakshetra →miina→nayana/hayana/asvina/adhvara,→ Narayana,,,,,,→hayana/kama/kali/bhadrakali,/ sarasvati/sarat/ dasra/Sarada M296A , M298 →yajana/adhvara/makha/suuya→agna(srii-fire,speech;siira,, suura/ svar/ garja/ gaja/haya/garuda/Taur/ Gaura/ asva/asvatha/bhadrakali/bhadrasva/ Bharadvaja,,,,,,,,,,,). →→→Shiva’s trisuul with Damaru, the most powerful weapon in the universe according to Hindu mythology/varsha/vajra/ svar/haayna,,,,,-ha+yana/kanya/bhadra/durga;damaru/dama-rava/rudana,/rocana(light,stars)/locana (cakshus,eye,sight)/ druma/ droNa/soma→→→ → By Thejas Panarkandy from India - Murudeshwara Statue, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9761046 Coin of the Kushan Empire (1st-century BCE to 2nd-century CE). The right image has been interpreted as Siva/vac/visa/avasa/asva/abda with trisula/trident/srii-sura and bull-varsha-vrisha-bhadra-Rudra-bhadrakali/Durga/Sarasvati. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Stat%C3%A8re_d%27electrum_du_royaume_de_Kouchan_%C3%A0_l%27effigie_de_Vasou_Deva_I.jpg/220px-Stat%C3%A8re_d%27electrum_du_royaume_de_Kouchan_%C3%A0_l%27effigie_de_Vasou_Deva_I.jpg Rudra(rava-tara/tari/sri) is bhadra/bhartri/putra/ patra(writ)/ varna/vripa/varuna/bharani/kumbha/aga/aja/mesha/medha/meshTi.Nataraja/nararaja/Nala raja M309a, ,,is raja-nada/natha/dhana/saala/taala/siira/sena etc. The suula/kusa(darbha/sarpa/talpa/srava/visva)/kuja(mars)/ku-sa→bhu-sura→,,,,,→suura-tiger,sun,scholar,brahamana,vipra→siira,,,,,,→Hali/Vrikodara/Bhaama/Bhiimasena→kali Nada(damaru)→marut→mudra→mitra→dharma→cakra→ medha→meLa→asana→kumbha mela m018a→dvadasa nivids-dhvani medha-vak/vaha/bhaga-medha→suula-medha→asvamedha etc.PaNa(prize,sun,bet,sound) is puraskara/puras-hari as in →druu-Na→sroNa/soma→ dasa/asta/shad/ashta/sat-ra/ pushkara →satra/sadana/sadhana/sasana/sisna/sastra etc. Agra/asva/aja/mesha/medha/meshTi-hayana/varsha/bhadra/putra/patra-satra/bhaga/vahana/vahini/vahni/paNi/vaNi/srii/rati/teri h147a →bhadra-kali→ M290a suura-sena/Pancala/Pancali/Dur-ga-nada/srii-pada/pada/patra/bhadra; siira –taala-kali-hali,-vani-paNi bhadr-asva/ vac/vaha/ bhaga/ ahava/ yahva/ dasma/ masta/matsa/yahova →→ →→→kaa(sarasvati)→ kaa-yama→hayana→kaama→hema→mahaa(feast,feasting on animals,madhu,kama,matsya,mudra) etc.Bharata is priest and dancer. m310a, m311a , M309aVarsha-yajna-Parushni, k049 soma/aum-rasa/dasa/nada/ratha/medha→sa-mudra→samudra,,-bindu-sindhu-vishnu→nataraja-siva-deva-devi-ravi-sun,year,king. Bhadra is asva-bhaga-yoni-vac-varsha-patra-sarpa-svar-mount-bull-hill-mons-veneris-pancama-munjavat.Bhaga is satisfied by fuck/rati ,tari/vrishna-mushka-moksha and teri/vac(speech).Mushka and bhaga make yajana/sayana/ samaya/syena/putra/bhadra,,. This is a relief of a 1st century BCE leader that might be Ashoka. Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati. Musee Guimet. Photo by World Imaging, 2005. Ashoka Bindusara Maurya. Title: Samrat Chakravartin. Asva(medha/mesha/Asoka)-samrat(large king-note the size of the king as in, H180a );Bindu-saara/bhadra kali→→→→→→→. Bindu sara is srii/raja bindu/Vishnu.The King is the god. This bindu sara tradition can be seen from the times of Visvamitra in Harappa cf. ,,,,.,. Dasa→asta→shad→sat-ra→dasa-ra→dasra→bhadra→patra ten bhadras/patras made one satra/dasra/dasaraja/dasa pavitra,,/athari/araNi(mukha,kuhara and araNi generate speech/fire). The araNi denote miina/kanya/bhaga/aruNa.The asvins are the twilights of the day(dawn/dusk) projected into the month as nodes of the moon-ketu/rahu.In the day ketu is the head.In the month Rahu is the head. Pavitra is pavita-ra;pavi-tara;putra;bha-varsha/vasra; savitri(sun) etc. The following meanings of Pavitra may be noted सन्धि n. sandhi filter पवित्र adj. pavitra holy पवित्र adj. pavitra saintly पवित्री भवति verb pavitrI bhavati { pavitrIbhU } become pure or clean पवित्रतरी करोति verb pavitratarI karoti { pavitratarIkR} purify or sanctify in a high degree पवि m. pavi speech fire cf.athari-flame पवि m. pavi thunderbolt-vajra-varsha-vasra पवि m. pavi tire of a wheel पवि m. pavi arrow पवि m. pavi metallic point of a spear or arrow पवीर n. pavIra lance पवीर n. pavIra spear पवीर n. pavIra weapon with a metallic point पावित adj. pAvita purified पवित adj. pavita cleansed पावित adj. pAvita cleansed पवित adj. pavita purified पवित n. pavita black pepper पवितृ m. pavitR purifier पवित्र adj. pavitra beneficent पवित्र adj. pavitra pure पवित्र adj. pavitra sinless पवित्र adj. pavitra sacred पवित्र adj. pavitra purifying पवित्र adj. pavitra averting evil पवित्र m. pavitra Lucky bean tree [Putranjiva Roxburghii - Bot.] पवित्र m. pavitra 12th day of the light half of zravaNa पवित्र m. pavitra sesame seed [Sesamum indicum - Bot.] पवित्र n. pavitra rain or rubbing पावित्र n. pAvitra kind of metre पवित्र n. pavitra vessel in which the argha is presented पवित्र n. pavitra Brahmanical cord पवित्र n. pavitra ring of kuza grass worn on the fourth finger  on particular occasions पवित्र n. pavitra kuza grass पवित्र n. pavitra water पवित्र n. pavitra copper पवित्र n. pavitra means of purification पवित्र n. pavitra honey पवित्र n. pavitra strainer पवित्र n. pavitra means of purifying or clearing the mind पवित्र n. pavitra purifying prayer or mantra पवित्र n. pavitra kind of metre पवित्र n. pavitra straining-cloth पवित्र n. pavitra melted butter पवीनस m. pavInasa having a nose like a spear-head पावीरव adj. pAvIrava proceeding from or relating to the thunderbolt पवीरव adj. pavIrava having a metallic share पवीरव m. pavIrava thunderbolt पावीरवी f. pAvIravI noise of thunder पावीरवी f. pAvIravI daughter of lightning पवित्रिन् adj. pavitrin clean पवित्रिन् adj. pavitrin pure पवित्रिन् adj. pavitrin purifying पावित्र्य n. pAvitrya purity पवीरवत् adj. pavIravat armed with lance or a goad,, पवित्रक m. pavitraka salt reed-grass [Desmostachya bipinnata - Bot.] पवित्रक m. pavitraka holy fig tree or cluster fig tree [Ficus Religiosa or Glomerata - Bot.] पवित्रक m. pavitraka small sieve or strainer पवित्रक m. pavitraka peepal Tree [Ficus Religiosa - Bot.] पवित्रता f. pavitratA purity पवित्रता f. pavitratA cleanness पवित्रित adj. pavitrita sanctified पवित्रित adj. pavitrita blessed पवित्रित adj. pavitrita happy पवित्रित adj. pavitrita purified पवित्रत्व n. pavitratva being a means of purification पवित्रवत् adj. pavitravat cleansing पवित्रवत् adj. pavitravat having a purifying instrument पवित्रवत् adj. pavitravat purifying पाविन्दायन m. pAvindAyana metroname from pavindA पवित्रकाम adj. pavitrakAma desirous of purification पवित्रपाणि adj. pavitrapANi holding darbha grass in the hand पवित्रपति m. pavitrapati lord of purification or purity पवित्रपूत adj. pavitrapUta clarified with a strainer पवित्रयति verb pavitrayati { pavitraya } cleanse पवित्रयति verb pavitrayati { pavitraya } purify पवित्रयति verb pavitrayati { pavitraya } render happy पवित्रयोनि adj. pavitrayoni of spotless origin पवित्रीकृत adj. pavitrIkRta sanctified पवित्रीकृत adj. pavitrIkRta cleansed पवित्रीकृत adj. pavitrIkRta purified पवित्रकीर्ति adj. pavitrakIrti of spotless renown पवित्ररथ adj. pavitraratha having the strainer as a chariot , , , पवित्रदर्भ m. pavitradarbha purifying or holy darbha grass , , पवित्रधान्य n. pavitradhAnya pure grain पवित्रधान्य n. pavitradhAnya barley ,cf.karana पवित्रारोहण n. pavitrArohaNa investing with the sacred thread , पवित्रारोपण n. pavitrAropaNa investing the image of kRSNa or another deity  with the sacredthread पवित्रारोपण n. pavitrAropaNa investiture with the Brahmanical cord पवित्रारोपण n. pavitrAropaNa putting on the pavitra पवित्रीकरण n. pavitrIkaraNa means of purifying पवित्रीकरण n. pavitrIkaraNa purification पवित्रपठन n. pavitrapaThana recitation of a purifying prayer or mantra पवित्री करोति verb pavitrI karoti { pavitrIkR } cleanse पवित्री करोति verb pavitrI karoti { pavitrIkR } purify पवित्रातिपवित्र adj. pavitrAtipavitra most pure or holy cf.yajna yajna http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?tran_input=pavitra&direct=se&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3 arka/agna/agra/asva-mitravaruna-ha-ayna(kali)-devi- →→,,,,.The biija in the vulva is the vaaja in the kapala or bhasa in mina where the saya/yaja is completed and the kalya/Kusha/iisa/iisana/kanya/Su-kanya/Kausalya/Mary/virgin becomes the mother of soma/John/son/sun ending the virginhood/agrahayana,giving rise to the new year/varsha/praja/putra.Here the head of Daksha/Prajapati(year) is chopped of and his head is a new head-the head of Aja/Aries/Chagamukha/Subramanya. Mahisha being the head of Kaala/Kali,the head of Kala/Kali is chopped off to give birth to the new year.Hence Asva (bull,buffalo)-mesha(aja)/Asvamedha sacrifice takes place at the vernal equinox/autumnal equinox with sacrifice of the animals as seen in the asvamedha of the Rigveda.  In Vedic literature, Garga is related to the Bharadvajas, Angiras,the Yadavas and Prithu,the first ever consecrated king,the avatar of Vishnu,who chased the goddess Prithvi in the form of a cow(go/hu;hu-sala/Kosala) and got her milk as the world’s grains and vegetation. Some ancient Jyotisha (time keeping, astronomy) texts are attributed to Garga. Garga samhita is an astronomical /astrological text.Sagara,/Bhagiratha/Dasaratha/Rama are surya vansa/kosala king’s. Bala(hala/pala/vara/pada)rama(nama),/Krishna/ Yudhishtira/ Bhiimasena/DroNa/Drupada,, h147a , , H009a /Asvathama k033 , L051aetc.are Yadava/Pancala kings. Asvamedha involved the sacrifice of asva(bull/water buffaloe) and mesha(ram) to please agni(the fire god/sun god).In the esoteric plane of the Vedas asvamedha was the sacrifice of vac(word-yaja)/bh-aga (sun,yoni-saya)/kh-aga. The soma/soNa is generated by pressing the lata(kamalata-phallus/rasa/raja/gala) between the two stones(the two parts of the vulva/araNi) or the sacrificial posts and cutting the head to bring out rakta(blood)/biija(semen)/putra(son).The son is considered as the soul of man.By begetting pu-tra(son) the pitR(pater) gets moksha as putra is the tara(moksha) for pitR(father,Vishnu).When soma(son/sun) comes out, darkness goes away.When soNa(blood,fire) comes forth evil/evil spirits go away. The biija/vaja/semen is bhadra/bhasa(light).A son has rakta bandha(blood relationship) to the father as rakta is biija/soma/semen/son. “Life is in the blood”. It is a fragrant smell. The smell of cooked/fried/grilled meat was considered a fragrant smell by the gods. In the veda its smell and even the tasting with a fork is also mentioned.The Bible also just repeats the words. Leviticus.1.9 'Its entrails, however, and its legs he shall wash with water And the priest shall offer up in smoke all of it on the altar for a burnt offering, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD. Leviticus 2.2 'He shall then bring it to Aaron's sons the priests; and shall take from it his handful of its fine flour and of its oil with all of its frankincense And the priest shall offer it up in smoke as its memorial portion on the altar, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD. Leviticus 3.5 'Then Aaron's sons shall offer it up in smoke on the altar on the burnt offering, which is on the wood that is on the fire; it is an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD. Leviticus 4.31 'Then he shall remove all its fat, just as the fat was removed from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall offer it up in smoke on the altar for a soothing aroma to the LORD. Thus the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven. Leviticus 8.21 After he had washed the entrails and the legs with water, Moses offered up the whole ram in smoke on the altar. It was a burnt offering for a soothing aroma; it was an offering by fire to the LORD, just as the LORD had commanded Moses. Leviticus 23.13 'Its grain offering shall then be two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil(purodasa), an offering by fire to the LORD for a soothing aroma, with its drink offering, a fourth of a hin of wine. Numbers 18.17 "But the firstborn of an ox or the firstborn of a sheep or the firstborn of a goat, you shall not redeem; they are holy You shall sprinkle their blood on the altar and shall offer up their fat in smoke as an offering by fire, for a soothing aroma to the LORD. Numbers 28.2 "Command the sons of Israel and say to them, 'You shall be careful to present My offering, My food for My offerings by fire, of a soothing aroma to Me, at their appointed time.' Numbers 29.2 'You shall offer a burnt offering as a soothing aroma to the LORD: one bull(cf.asva,), one ram(cf.mesha), and seven male lambs one year old without defect.’ Cf.RV.1.162.2 What time they bear before the Courser, covered with trappings and with wealth, the grasped oblation, The dappled goat(cf.Mesha/medha/me-dha), goeth straightforward, bleating(me-bleat,barter,paNa), to the place dear to Indra and to Pūṣan. RV.1.162.4 When thrice the men lead round the Steed, in order, who goeth to the Gods as meet oblation, The goat precedeth him, the share of Pūṣan, and to the Gods the sacrifice announceth. RV.1.162.7 Forth, for the regions of the Gods, the Charger with his smooth back is come my prayer attends him. In him rejoice the singers and the sages. A good friend have we won for the Gods’ banquet(cf.Lord’s Supper). 8 May the fleet Courser's halter and his heel-ropes, the head-stall and the girths and cords about him. And the grass put within his mouth to bait him,—among the Gods, too, let all these be with thee. RV.1.162. 12 They who observing that the Horse is ready call out and say, the smell is good; remove it; And, craving meat, await the distribution,—may their approving help promote labour. Exodus 30.7-8 "Aaron shall burn fragrant incense on it; he shall burn it every morning when he trims the lamps. The killing of the first borns of Egypt Death of firstborn Ex. 11:1–12:36 Lamentations over the Death of the First-Born of Egypt by Charles Sprague Pearce (1877), Smithsonian American Art Museum. This is what the LORD says: "About midnight I will go throughout Egypt. Every firstborn son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn of the slave girl, who is at her hand mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle as well. There will be loud wailing throughout Egypt—worse than there has ever been or ever will be again." — Exodus 11:4–6 Before this final plague, God commanded Moses to inform all the Israelites to mark lamb's blood above their doors on every door in which case the LORD will pass over them and not "suffer the destroyer to come into your houses and smite you" (chapter 12, v. 23). After this, Pharaoh, furious, saddened, and afraid that he would be killed next, ordered the Israelites to leave, taking whatever they wanted, and asking Moses to bless him in the name of the Lord. The Israelites did not hesitate, believing that soon Pharaoh would once again change his mind, which he did; and at the end of that night Moses led them out of Egypt with "arms upraised". However, as the Israelites left Egypt, the Pharaoh changed his mind again and sent his army after Moses' people. The Israelites were trapped by the Red Sea(Red dawning; arunodaya;Akkaldama). God split the sea(day-break; Israel-the sun moves on;Pharaoh-Pira-the moon and his army-the stars disappear in the sea of Miina/Sinai), and they were able to pass safely. As the Egyptian army descended on them, the sea(Miina-miira-niira-sea) closed before they could reach the Israelites. Agrahayana being hayana agra takingplace in Egypt (pisces) the firstborns(agra-agraja) were put to death(hayana-hana-killing,kama-sex;kala is killer.He passes through Egypt every vernal equinox.He is deity of BHarani in Egypt. But where in the Indus script is the evidence for the animal sacrifices? Can we have textual evidence from the seals for this? Dasa/rasa/ratha/medha/pala/hala-meat-heat-wheat,,,,,,,,,,,,-indicates time,flesh,ten,weight,disa-direction. In vedic parlance aha-sacrifice is time.Samaya(sa-yama/nri-yama/hari-yama), , is yajna.Saya is yaja.Adhvara/asvina/dasra/varsha is sacrifice/soma/kingdom. Saras-vati is the sun at the autumnal equinox.Asvathama is the sun at the vernal equinox.Bhadra kali is panca kali/hayana of yuga/kal-pa. A Yuga is 5 years. H182b 5*12 =60 is the Brihaspati cycle.It is 6*10 also.Cakra-6*dasa-10→60 year cycle.This is the dasaraja/Parushni war won by King Sudas.It is rathantara/Rajendra/raja-Indra/Indra ratha.The kumbha mela is conducted every twelve years when Jupiter makes a return. Divodasa is dvadasa/-12-Pisces/tri-padas/ tripat(Vishnu)/ Drupada. →.Thus sapta/haya/asva/saptasva/hayana becomes the Divodasa in twelve years .5 such cycles make a Sudas(Judas in the Bible). mesha/medha-bhadra/varsha-satra/dasra/srii/agni Mesha-prathama (bhadra/head) is agni/asva. bhadra kali→bull●,+mesha +rasa,+ hayana+miina,→mapana→ manava→ pavamana→ soma dasra-devi/asva-hari-mitra-varuna (parna/garuda)-medha/asva/vac/kasi/srii/usha/urvasi/praci hari-srii→bhadra-yajna/dasa/rasa-mesha/medha→ ka-aa-Li-srii-hari →→→→ agrahaayana/bhadrakali/saras-va-ti -bhadrakali/agrahayana/cakrapaNi akshapada/bhadrapada/raja/medha ,Brahmana/savitR/khaga/bhadrakali/kamsa bhavana/savana Bhadrakali/Sarasvati/Dasra/ Dasaraja/Dasaratha/ Asvamedha/agrahayana asvamedha/bhadrakali/kalivarsha bhadrakali/asvamedha agrahayana/hari srii/agraja/maharatha/Pancala/Kosala Kali/Varsha/Kalivarsha/bhadrakali dasapavitra/vulva,soup filter/Pancala dasapavitra/vulva,soup filter/Pancala bhadra/agra-hayana-mesha/medha -Bhradvaja/Narayana/miina/hayana/nayana/raa Parpola. DTISpage21 Asvamedha/Asvathama/sacrifice of the bull/king.With two asva+Ficus asva-there are three asvas/bhadras.Note three kings at birth of Christ,three crosses at his death. Each cross is a rex.Hari(sun,man,horse,Indra,Vishnu)-srii (king,Lakshmi,vac) is hari-three. asva(bull) -mesha/medha-Pancala/hariscandra/sarasvati/hayana satra/dasra satra-varsha/uksha/uktha/kuru→Kuru Pancala/Kurukshtra- hayana-medha Kurukshetra is hayansatra/asvamedha itself. Spearing the bull-stamping the bulla/vac;hayana/kanya is killed,she becomes mother,hayana is killed,the new year begins,this is the pictographic expression and drama on the theatre of the altar.Bhadra-hani(killing) is bhadrakali/agrahayana.Varaha(croc) is vara-aha,,,Pancala/Anantasayana. saptaha,Saptasva,saptarshi, seven priests of asvamedha;cf.Heb.sheba or shibah: seven(שֶׁ֫בַע, sheba or shibah,sheh'-bah, seven)! Asvamedha bhadrasvaPattamahishi asva-medha-Sarasvati/devi/Bhadrakali/akshara/raksha ornripa/sarpa/sarva-medha/sena or nri/hari/bhadra/bull-me/aja/mesha-dha(deha/sena).Patra/varsha/dasra/satra/soma/homa/ is writ/Dasaraja,INRI, ,,,king-dom(soma),rajadhana,Kosala,Pancala.  m1118 asva(abda)/asvina-bhagavati/caturbhuja(narayana)/catushtoma/kanya/hayana k032 asva/asvina –parushni/bhagavati/Sarasvati/ Pancala/Somaka/Surasena m310a asva(bull)/asvina-satra/dasra-medha/mesha/aja-patra(bhadra) -hari(kali) -rasana ( tongue,speech;dasa-ma→ten kings;desam-dasra-sesha-desa-nation). +→Harisrii/Bhadra kali,,,,/Patra vaNi. m311a dasaraja-satra-dasra/Sarasvati;raja suuya satra-sankha/sinha/hari/dara/varija/abja/asva;Sankarshana-deva/devi-dasra k033 Asvamedha/Asvathama-catushtoma/caturbhuja(Narayana)/bhagavati-Rksha/Rsya/Menaka/rajya/Swarupa/deva pura/deva varsha/kali varsha/Bhadrakali m018avara/asta/shat/ashta/dasa/sata-shad/bhuja- nivid/dhvani/vaNi/vac/mukha/Kumbha/Aja-12/dvadasa/Miina/Divodasa→ shadaanana/shanmukha/shadbhujaa(figure of 6;Durga) - nivid/vaca/bhaga-12.Sacrficial nivid is 12. Kumbha-Miina;feast of kali in kumha/bhaga/aga/bharani/bhagavati mina/mela. →→→→→shadbhuja/shadka/shadaha/salka/saala/taala/cakra/durga/Sakra. Hence→→●→→=→→→→→→,,,,,,bhadrakali(hari/kalivarsha)→agrahayana(kali→aksha→ nayana→miina), ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(bhadra-bull,hari-kali;kali varsha/bhadra kali),,,,,,,,,,, etc. k049 Somarasa/samaraja is hari-srii,, (rasana-bharata-satra-sadana-linqua-linga-bhagavati-vac,,). “Vidyarabbha” is done by marking ‘hari-srii’ on rasana/dasami , of Asvina with a gold ring. L051aAsvamedha/Asvathama-dasra/desa/prastha-devi/Indra/Miina/Bhadrakali-asvina/ratha-satra/dasra/hali/kali,,,/sa-rasa(saras/dasra/siras). is rathantara also. k026 Bhadra/patra/varsha-hari/kali M741somaraja/mapana/manava/manavi(hymn)-shodasikaamra(pala) /Sudasa(shodasa-16,ushas-dawn). m152aMesha/medha-Sarasvati-Kali varsha(bhadrakali)/Pancala/Bharata varsha/Menaka/Meluhha .→Sa/aja/iisa/Durga/mesha/medha-rasa-vati/pati/devi/Bhadra kali/Kali varsha,,,,,,. M418ac-1 sarpa/ satra/dasra/desa/sesha mesha/medha/aja/aha(small horn,day)-asva/uksha/varsha(large horn,year)- patra/mitra/bird/word- parna/varna/nripa/varuna.The cock that crowed when Peter denied knowledge of Jesus is a sacrificial bird/kahala indicating kaala/kali. The prediction, made by Jesus during the Last Supper/Lord’s Supper(cf.Asva of Rigveda) that Peter would deny and disown him, appears in the Go-spel(go/hu-spell) of Matthew 26:33-35, the Gospel of Mark 14:29-31, the Gospel of Luke 22:33-34 and the Gospel of John 13:36-38. cylind-5 Fig.10.10.DTIS.page.186.Indus style cylinder seal of unknown neareastern origin.The anthropomorphic figures wears a crown of waterbuffalo horns with the leafed branch of a Fig and sits on a throne with hoofed legs,surrounded by a pair of horned snakes,a pair of fishes and a pair of waterbuffaloes. The other figure stands,fighting two tigers,and surrounded by trees,a markhor goat, and a vulture above a rhinoceros.Musee du Louvre/AO(Collection De Clercq 1.26). A seal of the Asvamedha.Note the asvins,soma,sugriiva(soma),adhvara/dasra,,,mina,varna/varuna, mitravaruna,Pancala etc. Cylind-9 Bhadra-Hali is Bhadra Kali/Kali varsha. aja(ram) /saya(sex,rati,sriiMal.teri-mlecca-matsa-masta-saras) shows udaya(sunrise) /Vidya/Sarasvati. http://www.harappa.com/indus/42.html M-489 b Rgveda.10.125 .HYMN CXXV. Vāk. 1. I TRAVEL with the Rudras and the Vasus, with the Ādityas and All-Gods I wander. I hold aloft both Varuṇa and Mitra, Indra and Agni, and the Pair of Aśvins. 2 I cherish and sustain high-swelling Soma, and Tvaṣṭar I support, Pūṣan, and Bhaga. I load with wealth the zealous sacrificer who pours the juice and offers his oblation 3 I am the Queen, the gatherer-up of treasures, most thoughtful, first of those who merit worship. Thus Gods have stabilised me in many places with many homes to enter and abide in. 4 Through me alone all eat the food that feeds them,—each man who sees, breathes, hears the word outspoken They know it not, but yet they dwell beside me. Hear, one and all, the truth as I declare it. 5 1, verily, myself announce and utter the word that Gods and men alike shall welcome. I make the man I love exceeding mighty, make him a sage, a Ṛṣi, and a Brahman. 6 I bend the bow for Rudra that his arrow may strike and slay the hater of devotion. I rouse and order battle for the people, and I have penetrated Earth and Heaven. 7 On the world's summit I bring forth the Father: my home is in the waters, in the ocean. Thence I extend o’er all existing creatures, and touch even yonder heaven with my forehead. 8 I breathe a strong breath like the wind and tempest, the while I hold together all existence. Beyond this wide earth and beyond the heavens I have become so mighty in my grandeur. RV.10.126.HYMN CXXVI. Viśvedevas. 1. No peril, no severe distress, ye Gods, affects the mortal man, Whom Aryaman and Mitra lead, and Varima, of one accord, beyond his foes. 2 This very thing do we desire, Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman, Whereby ye guard the mortal man from sore distress, and lead him safe beyond his foes. 3 These are, each one, our present helps, Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman. Best leaders, best deliverers to lead us on and bear as safe beyond our foes. 4 Ye compass round and guard each man, Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman: In your dear keeping may we be, ye who are excellent as guides beyond our foes. 5 Ādityas are beyond all foes,—Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman: Strong Rudra with the Marut host, Indra, Agni let us call for weal beyond our foes. 6 These lead us safely over all, Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman, These who are Kings of living men, over all troubles far away beyond our foes. 7 May they give bliss to aid us well, Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman: May the Ādityas, when we pray, grant us wide shelter and defence beyond our foes. 8 As in this place, O Holy Ones, ye Vasus freed even the Gaud when her feet were fettered. So free us now from trouble and affliction: and let our life be lengthened still, O Api. Visva is Vishnu/akshara/asva/vac itself. 1.162.HYMN CLXII. The Horse. 1. SLIGHT us not Varuṇa, Aryaman, or Mitra, Ṛbhukṣan, Indra, Āyu, or the Maruts, When we declare amid the congregation the virtues of the strong Steed, God-descended. 2 What time they bear before the Courser, covered with trappings and with wealth, the grasped oblation, The dappled goat(cf.Mesha/medha/me-dha), goeth straightforward, bleating(me-bleat,barter,paNa), to the place dear to Indra and to Pūṣan. 3 Dear to all Gods, this goat, the share of Pūṣan, is first led forward with the vigorous Courser, While Tvaṣṭar sends him forward with the Charger, acceptable for sacrifice, to glory. 4 When thrice the men lead round the Steed, in order, who goeth to the Gods as meet oblation, The goat precedeth him, the share of Pūṣan, and to the Gods the sacrifice announceth. 5 Invoker, ministering priest, atoner, fire-kindler, Soma-presser, sage, reciter,( varsha→bhadra→potR→hotR→sarat→dasra→adhvara→ hayana→haya-ma→sapta-asva) With this well ordered sacrifice, well finished, do ye fill full the channels of the rivers. 6 The hewers of the post and those who carry it, and those who carve the knob to deck the Horse's stake; Those who prepare the cooking-vessels for the Steed,—may the approving help of these promote our work. 7 Forth, for the regions of the Gods, the Charger with his smooth back is come my prayer attends him. In him rejoice the singers and the sages. A good friend have we won for the Gods’ banquet(cf.Lord’s Supper). 8 May the fleet Courser's halter and his heel-ropes, the head-stall and the girths and cords about him. And the grass put within his mouth to bait him,—among the Gods, too, let all these be with thee. 9 What part of the Steed's flesh the fly hath eaten, or is left sticking to the post or hatchet, Or to the slayer's hands and nails adhereth,—among the Gods, too, may all this be with thee. 10 Food undigested steaming from his belly, and any odour of raw flesh remaining, This let the immolators set in order and dress the sacrifice with perfect cooking. 11 What from thy body which with fire is roasted, when thou art set upon the spit, distilleth, Let not that lie on earth or grass neglected, but to the longing Gods let all be offered. 12 They who observing that the Horse is ready call out and say, the smell is good; remove it; And, craving meat, await the distribution,—may their approving help promote labour. 13 The trial-fork of the flesh-cooking caldron, the vessels out of which the broth is sprinkled,,,https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/201402/Shu-ilishus-Cylinder-Seal.pdf The warming-pots, the covers of the dishes, hooks, carving-boards,—all these attend the Charger. 14 The starting-place, his place of rest and rolling, the ropes wherewith the Charger's feet were fastened, The water that he drank, the food he tasted,—among the Gods, too, may all these attend thee. 15 Let not the fire, smoke-scented, make thee crackle, nor glowing caldron smell and break to pieces. Offered, beloved, approved, and consecrated,—such Charger do the Gods accept with favour. 16 The robe they spread upon the Horse to clothe him, the upper covering and the golden trappings, The halters which restrain the Steed, the heel-ropes,—all these, as grateful to the Gods, they offer. 17 If one, when seated, with excessive urging hath with his heel or with his whip distressed thee, All these thy woes, as with the oblations' ladle at sacrifices, with my prayer I banish. 18 The four-and-thirty ribs of the Swift Charger, kin to the Gods, the slayer's hatchet pierces. Cut ye with skill, so that the parts be flawless, and piece by piece declaring them dissect them. 19 Of Tvaṣṭar's Charger there is one dissector,—this is the custom-two there are who guide him. Such of his limbs as I divide in order, these, amid the balls, in fire I offer. 20 Let not thy dear soul burn thee as thou comest, let not the hatchet linger in thy body. Let not a greedy clumsy immolator, missing the joints, mangle thy limbs unduly. 21 No, here thou diest not, thou art not injured: by easy paths unto the Gods thou goest. Both Bays,, both spotted mares are now thy fellows, and to the ass's pole(gallows/galley/Kali) is yoked the Charger. 22 May this Steed bring us all-sustaining riches, wealth in good kine, good horses, manly offspring(A happy new year!). Freedom from sin(cf.the Holy Eucharist) may Aditi vouchsafe us: the Steed with our oblations gain us lordship! The asvamedha/vajapeya is the sacrifice that gives freedom from sin.This is the eucharist of the Christ as given in Matthew 26:27 26While they were eating, Jesus took bread(cf.Purodasa,), spoke a blessing and broke it, and gave it to the disciples, saying, “Take and eat; this is My body.” 27Then He took the cup , , (the cup with rasa/sura;sura+aksha→draksha-grape→soma/madhu) gave thanks and gave it to them,saying, “Drink from it, all of you. 28This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins”. Aga is the sun.Aja is Indra or ram.Agha is sin.Aghaghna is sin destroying,expiator.Krishna became aghaghna by killing the asura(demon,night) named Agha! The sun removes sin(nisa-night) at sunrise-the asvamedha. The asva/Purodasa(purusha/bhadra-asa/asva/vaja) is the white round cake itself. RV. 1.163.HYMN CLXIII. The Horse. 1.WHAT time, first springing into life, thou neighedst, proceeding from the sea or upper waters, Limbs of the deer hadst thou, and eagle pinions. O Steed, thy birth is nigh and must be lauded. 2 This Steed which Yama(deity of Bharani) gave hath Trita(dasra/satra/sarat) harnessed, and him, the first of all, hath Indra mounted. His bridle the Gandharva grasped. O Vasus, from out the Sun ye fashioned forth the Courser. 3 Yama art thou, O Horse; thou art Āditya; Trita art thou by secret operation. Thou art divided thoroughly from Soma. They say thou hast three bonds in heaven that hold thee. 4 Three bonds, they say, thou hast in heaven that bind thee, three in the waters,three within the ocean. To me thou seemest Varuṇa, O Courser, there where they say is thy sublimest birth-place. 5 Here, Courser, are the places where they groomed thee, here are the traces of thy hoofs as winner. Here have I seen the auspicious reins that guide thee, which those who guard the holy Law keep safely. 6 Thyself from far I recognized in spirit,—a Bird that from below flew through the heaven. I saw thy head still soaring, striving upward by paths unsoiled by dust, pleasant to travel. 7 Here I beheld thy form, matchless in glory, eager to win thee food at the Cow's(go-sky) station. Whene’er a man brings thee to thine enjoyment, thou swallowest the plants most greedy eater. 8 After thee, Courser, come the car, the bridegroom, the kine come after, and the charm of maidens. Full companies have followed for thy friendship: the pattern of thy vigour Gods have copied. 9 Horns made of gold hath he: his feet are iron: less fleet than he, though swift as thought, is Indra. The Gods have come that they may taste the oblation of him who mounted, first of all, the Courser. 10 Symmetrical in flank, with rounded haunches, mettled like heroes, the Celestial Coursers Put forth their strength, like swans in lengthened order, when they, the Steeds, have reached the heavenly causeway. 11 A body formed for flight hast thou, O Charger; swift as the wind in motion is thy spirit. Thy horns(kirana-rays,varna-letter) are spread abroad in all directions: they move with restless beat in wildernesses. 12 The strong Steed hath come forward to the slaughter, pondering with a mind directed God-ward. The goat ,,who is his kin is led before him the sages and the singers follow after. 13 The Steed is come unto the noblest mansion, is come unto his Father and his Mother. This day shall he approach the Gods, most welcome: then he declares good gifts to him who offers. RV.1.164. HYMN CLXIV. Viśvedevas. 1. OF this benignant Priest, with eld grey-coloured, the brother midmost of the three is lightning. The third is he whose back with oil is sprinkled. Here I behold the Chief with seven male children H009a . 2 Seven(svar/aha) to the one-wheeled chariot yoke the Courser; bearing seven names the single Courser draws it. Three-naved(srii/vac) the wheel is, sound and undecaying, whereon are resting all these worlds of being. 3 The seven who on the seven-wheeled car are mounted have horses, seven in tale, who draw them onward. Seven Sisters utter songs of praise together, in whom the names of the seven Cows are treasured. 4 Who hath beheld him as he sprang to being, seen how the boneless One supports the bony? Where is the blood of earth, the life, the spirit? Who may approach the man who knows, to ask it? 5 Unripe in mind, in spirit undiscerning, I ask of these the Gods’ established places; For up above the yearling Calf the sages, to form a web, their own seven threads have woven. 6 I ask, unknowing, those who know, the sages, as one all ignorant for sake of knowledge, What was that ONE who in the Unborn's image hath stabilised and fixed firm these worlds' six regions. 7 Let him who knoweth presently declare it, this lovely Bird's securely founded station. Forth from his head the Cows draw milk, and, wearing his vesture, with their foot have drunk the water. 8 The Mother gave the Sire his share of Order: with thought, at first, she wedded him in spirit. She, the coy Dame, was filled with dew prolific: with adoration men approached to praise her. 9 Yoked was the Mother to the boon Cow's car-pole: in the dank rows of cloud the Infant rested(cf.Revelation.12. “a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head... gave birth to a son, a male child, who “will rule all the nations with an iron scepter.”) Then the Calf lowed, and looked upon the Mother, the Cow who wears all shapes in three directions. 10 Bearing three Mothers and three Fathers, single he stood erect: they never make him weary. There on the pitch of heaven they speak together in speech all-knowing but not all-impelling. 11 Formed with twelve spokes(hora/maasa), by length of time, unweakened, rolls round the heaven this wheel of during Order(the asva/abda). Herein established, joined in pairs together, seven hundred Sons and twenty(360*2 or 7+2) stand, O Agni. 12 They call him in the farther half of heaven the Sire five-footed(the Pancanga-vara-day,tara/nakshatra-lunar or solar mansion,tithi-lunar day,karana-half of tithi,and yoga-the elongation of the moon from the sun; Vedic sidereal planetary almanacs gives data in terms of positions of planets according to 5 time saktis/jagatis: day of the week ,each day is ruled by a planet, also called a vara/diva/ahna/aha/aga/yaga,,,,,,,– nakshatra/star – tithi , moon phase – Karana ,half a lunar day,each Tithi has 2 Karanas – Yoga ,a special calculation for the separating distance of the moon from the sun), of twelve forms(12 signs), wealthy in watery store. These others say that he, God with far-seeing eyes, is mounted on the lower seven-wheeled(seven days), six-spoked(six Rtus) car. 13 Upon this five-spoked wheel revolving ever all living creatures rest and are dependent. Its axle, heavy-laden, is not heated: the nave from ancient time remains unbroken. 14 The wheel revolves, unwasting, with its felly: ten draw it, yoked to the far-stretching car-pole. The Sun's eye moves encompassed by the region: on him dependent rest all living creatures. 15 Of the co-born they call the seventh single-born(asva→a-dva→eka/single); the six twin pairs are called Ṛṣis(Rtus), Children of Gods. Their good gifts sought of men are ranged in order due, and various in their form move for the Lord who guides. 16 They told me these were males, though truly females: he who hath eyes sees this, the blind discerns not. The son who is a sage hath comprehended: who knows this rightly is his father's father. 17 Beneath the upper realm, above this lower, bearing her calf at foot the Cow hath risen. Witherward, to what place hath she departed? Where calves she? Not amid this herd of cattle. 18 Who, that the father of this Calf discerneth beneath the upper realm, above the lower, Showing himself a sage, may here declare it? Whence hath the Godlike spirit had its rising? 19 Those that come hitherward they call departing, those that depart they call directed hither. And what so ye have made, Indra and Soma, steeds bear as ’twere yoked to the region's car-pole. 20 Two Birds M296A with fair wings(paksha/ayana), knit with bonds of friendship, in the same sheltering tree(asva/abda) have found a refuge. One of the twain eats the sweet Fig-tree's fruitage; the other eating not regardeth only. 21 Where those fine Birds hymn ceaselessly their portion of life eternal, and the sacred synods, There is the Universe's mighty Keeper, who, wise, hath entered into me the simple. 22 The, tree whereon the fine Birds eat the sweetness, where they all rest and procreate their offspring,— Upon its top they say the fig is luscious: none gaineth it who knoweth not the Father. 23 How on the Gāyatrī the Gāyatrī(hari/haya-srii; ,) was based, how from the Triṣṭup(srii- stubha/aja/stupa/stave/Rshabha,,,-the bull or ram has large mushka) they fashioned the Triṣṭup forth, How on the Jagatī (sakti/sakTa/cakra)was based the Jagatī,—they who know this have won themselves immortal life(Hence ,, ,,,,, etc.) 24 With Gāyatrī he measures, out the praise-song, Sāma(masa/medha/kama/kala) with praise-song, triplet with the Triṣṭup. The triplet with the two or four-foot measure, and with the syllable they form seven metres(the asvamedha of phonetics). 25 With Jagatī the flood in heaven he stablished, and saw the Sun in the Rathantara(akshara/adhvara) Sāman, .(Vedic metres show the asva/vac medha in the veda). Gāyatrī hath, they say, three brands for kindling: hence it excels in majesty and vigour. 26 I invocate the milch-cow good for milking so that the milker, deft of hand, may drain her. May Savitar give goodliest stimulation. The caldron is made hot; I will proclaim it. 27 She, lady of all treasure, is come hither yearning in spirit for her calf and lowing. May this cow yield her milk for both the Aśvins, and may she prosper to our high advantage. 28 The cow hath lowed after her blinking youngling; she licks his forehead, as she lows, to form it. His mouth she fondly calls to her warm udder, and suckles him with milk while gently lowing. 29 He also snorts, by whom encompassed round the Cow laws as she clings unto the shedder of the rain. She with her shrilling cries hath humbled mortal man, and, turned to lightning, hath stripped off her covering robe. 30 That which hath breath and speed and life and motion lies firmly stablished in the midst of houses. Living, by offerings to the Dead he moveth Immortal One, the brother of the mortal. 31 I saw the Herdsman, him who never stumbles, approaching by his pathways and departing. He, clothed with gathered and diffusive splendour, within the worlds continually travels. 32 He who hath made him cloth not comprehend him: from him who saw him surely is he hidden. He, yet enveloped in his Mother's bosom, source of much life, hath sunk into destruction. 33 Dyaus is my Father, my begetter: kinship is here. This great earth is my kin and Mother. Between the wide-spread world-halves is the birth-place: the Father laid the Daughter's germ within it. 34 I ask thee of the earth's extremest limit, where is the centre of the world, I ask thee. I ask thee of the Stallion's seed prolific, I ask of highest heaven where Speech abideth. 35 This altar is the earth's extremest limit; this sacrifice of ours is the world's centre. The Stallion's seed prolific is the Soma; this Brahman highest heaven where Speech abideth. 36 Seven germs unripened yet are heaven's prolific seed: their functions they maintain by Viṣṇu's ordinance. Endued with wisdom through intelligence and thought, they compass us about present on every side. 37 What thing I truly am I know not clearly: mysterious, fettered in my mind I wander. When the first-born of holy Law approached me, then of this speech I first obtain a portion. 38 Back, forward goes he, grasped by strength inherent, the Immortal born the brother of the mortal Ceaseless they move in opposite directions: men mark the one, and fail to mark the other. 39 Upon what syllable of holy praise-song, as twere their highest heaven, the Gods repose them, Who knows not this, what will he do with praise-song? But they who know it well sit here assembled. 40 Fortunate mayst thou be with goodly pasture, and may we also be exceeding wealthy. Feed on the grass, O Cow, at every season, and coming hitherward drink limpid water. 41 Forming the water-floods, the buffalo hath lowed, one-footed or two-footed or four-footed, she, Who hath become eight-footed or hath got nine feet, the thousand-syllabled in the sublimest heaven. 42 From her descend in streams the seas of water; thereby the world's four regions have their being, Thence flows the imperishable flood and thence the universe hath life. 43 I saw from far away the smoke of fuel with spires that rose on high o’er that beneath it. The Mighty Men have dressed the spotted bullock. These were the customs in the days aforetime, 44 Three with long tresses show in ordered season. One of them sheareth when the year is ended(cf.agrahayana/kali). One with his powers the universe regardeth: Of one, the sweep is seen, but his figure. 45 Speech(vak/bhaga/bhagavati/Sarasvati) hath been measured out in four divisions, the Brahmans who have understanding know them. Three kept in close concealment (h147a )cause no motion; of speech, men speak only the fourth division. 46 They call him Indra, Mitra, Varuṇa, Agni, and he is heavenly nobly-winged Garutmān,,. To what is One, sages give many a title they call it Agni, Yama, Mātariśvan. 47 Dark the descent: the birds are golden-coloured; up to the heaven they fly robed in the waters. Again descend they from the seat of Order, and all the earth is moistened with their fatness. 48 Twelve are the fellies, and the wheel is single; three are the naves. What man hath understood it? Therein are set together spokes three hundred and sixty, which in nowise can be loosened(vedic jyotisha/astronomy). 49 That breast of thine exhaustless, spring of pleasure, wherewith thou feedest all things that are choicest, Wealth-giver, treasure. finder, free bestower,bring that, Sarasvatī(Sarada/Sarat/Dasra/Bhagavati), that we may drain it. 50 By means of sacrifice the Gods accomplished their sacrifice: these were the earliest ordinances. These Mighty Ones attained the height of heaven, there where the Sādhyas, Gods of old, are dwelling. 51 Uniform, with the passing days, this water mounts and fails again. The tempest-clouds give life to earth, and fires re-animate the heaven. 52 The Bird Celestial, vast with noble pinion, the lovely germ of plants, the germ of waters, Him who delighteth us with rain in season, Sarasvān I invoke that he may help us. Thus it is clear that ,the vedic Harappans performed , animal sacrifices to please Durga/Sarsvati.This is continued even now in several parts of India,even though some states have banned animal sacrifices for religious purposes. The temples of Chhatar Jatra, Kamakhya, Tarkulha, Darbhanga House etc are famous for animal sacrifices during Durga puja. This shows a continuity of vedic civilisation from Harappa to the present. Durga Puja 2017: Hundreds of animals sacrificed in Chhatar Jatra ... www.financialexpress.com › India news Sep 29, 2017 - Hundreds of animals were sacrificed today at Bhawanipatna in Odisha's Kalahandi district on the occasion of famous Chhatar Jatra of the goddess Manikeswari, officials said. Meanwhile, people in Kendrapara district stopped the age-old tradition of killing animals on Mahastami at Panchuvarahi temple, ... Animal Sacrifice in Hinduism | True Hindu https://sladeviper777.wordpress.com/2017/07/16/animal-sacrifice-in-hinduism/ Jul 16, 2017 - In some sacred groves of India, particularly in Western Maharashtra, animal sacrifice is practiced to pacify female deities that are supposed to rule the groves. Animal sacrifice is also practiced by caste Hindus to placate deities at temples. The goddess temples in Assam and West Bengal in India and Nepal ... Hindu devotees sacrifice animals in ritual during Deodhani festival https://www.deccanchronicle.com/.../hindu-devotees-sacrifice-animals-in-ritual-during... Aug 20, 2017 - A Hindu priest, face smeared with vermillion powder and sacrificial blood, carries agoat for sacrifice during the two-day long Deodhani festival at Kamakhya temple in Gauhati, India, Saturday, Aug. 19, 2017. The temple is located atop the Nilachal Hills which is dedicated to Goddess Kamakhya. (Photo: AP). AP PHOTOS: Animals decorated and sacrificed in Hindu ritual | Daily ... www.dailymail.co.uk/.../AP-PHOTOS-Animals-decorated-sacrificed-Hindu-ritual.html Sep 28, 2017 - In this Thursday, Sept. 28, 2017 photo, a Hindu devotee carries a decorated goat to besacrificed at a temple of Hindu goddess Durga at Rani village on the outskirts in Gauhati, Assam state, India. Participants in the five-day Durga Puja festival believe the sacrifices bring prosperity and good health. But in ... Animal sacrifice at this temple has a martyr connection | lucknow ... https://www.hindustantimes.com/.../animal-sacrifice...temple.../story-zN850vVwQ8kX... lucknow Updated: Apr 08, 2017 17:06 IST ... (HT Photo). The tradition of animal sacrifice has continued unhindered at the Tarkulha Devi temple in Gorakhpur for years on end. ... The tradition here is in contrast to the practice in most Hindu temples where coconuts, sweets and lemon rice are distributed as prasad. Animal sacrifice still in vogue | Patna News - Times of India https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com › ... › Patna News › Animal sacrifice still in vogue Oct 23, 2012 - The over 150-year-old Kali Mandir at Darbhanga House on the Patna University campus continues its age-old tradition of performing animal sacrifice to appease goddess Kali. "Thousands of devout Hindus come to witness animal sacrifice on Mahanavami," said Sunil Kumar, a senior member of the temple . GOAT SACRIFICE BY HINDUS AT TEMPLE - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnqrV2z4g_E Animal sacrifice photos during Durga puja can be seen at these sites especially at: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-4931940/AP-PHOTOS-Animals-decorated-sacrificed-Hindu-ritual.html The Sacrifice of Isaac Genesis.22 After these things God tested Abraham and said to him, “Abraham!” And he said, “Here I am.” 2 He said, “Take your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I shall tell you.” 3 So Abraham rose early in the morning, saddled his donkey, and took two of his young men with him, and his son Isaac. And he cut the wood for the burnt offering and arose and went to the place of which God had told him. 4 On the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes and saw the place from afar. 5 Then Abraham said to his young men, “Stay here with the donkey; I and the boy[a] will go over there and worship and come again to you.” 6 And Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son. And he took in his hand the fire and the knife. So they went both of them together. 7 And Isaac said to his father Abraham, “My father!” And he said, “Here I am, my son.” He said, “Behold, the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?” 8 Abraham said, “God will provide for himself the lamb for a burnt offering, my son.” So they went both of them together. 9 When they came to the place of which God had told him, Abraham built the altar there and laid the wood in order and bound Isaac his son and laid him on the altar, on top of the wood. 10 Then Abraham reached out his hand and took the knife to slaughter his son. 11 But the angel of the Lord called to him from heaven and said, “Abraham, Abraham!” And he said, “Here I am.” 12 He said, “Do not lay your hand on the boy or do anything to him, for now I know that you fear God, seeing you have not withheld your son, your only son, from me.” 13 And Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, behind him was a ram, caught in a thicket by his horns. And Abraham went and took the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 So Abraham called the name of that place, “The Lord will provide”;[b] as it is said to this day, “On the mount of the Lord it shall be provided.”[c] 15 And the angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time from heaven 16 and said, “By myself I have sworn, declares the Lord, because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son, 17 I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. And your offspring shall possess the gate of his[d] enemies, 18 and in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice.”19 So Abraham returned to his young men, and they arose and went together to Beersheba. And Abraham lived at Beersheba. Beersheba is vrishabha/prabhata.Mount moriyah is surya/khaga/bhaga/mons veneris/vernal equinox. Isaac is iisa-aga or Visakha(Aries/Aja/ mesha/medha).The sacrifice is asvamedha/Dakshayaga . Isaac was replaced with the ram/Aries.The ram is the east/easter/dawn/vernal equinoctial sunrise.Yaja is saya. God commands Abraham to offer his son Isaac as a sacrifice, Domenichino https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:El_sacrificio_de_Isaac_(Domenichino).jpg According to the Hebrew Bible, God(Varuna) wanted Abraham (Brahma/Harischandra) to offer his son Isaac as a sacrifice[Gen 22:2-8]. After Isaac is bound to an altar, a messenger(Visvamitra) from God stops Abraham at the lastmoment, saying "now I know you fear God." Abraham was shown a ram,which he sacrificed instead of Isaac.This is an adaptation of the story of Hariscandra-Sunasepha in the Aitareya Brahmana,the Brahmana of the Rg veda. Abraham and Isaac (oil on canvas), Rembrandt, 1634 The passage states that the event occurred at "the mount of the LORD" in "the land of Moriah." refers to "mount Moriah" as the site of Solomon's Temple, while Psalms 24:3; Isaiah 2:3 & 30:29; and Zechariah 8:3 use the term "the mount of the LORD" to refer to the site of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, the location believed to be the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac Leviticus.9.1Now it came about on the eighth day that Moses called Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel; 2and he said to Aaron, "Take for yourself a calf, a bull, for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering,both without defect, and offer them before the LORD. 3"Then to the sons of Israel you shall speak, saying, 'Take a male goat for a sin offering, and a calf and a lamb, both one year old, without defect, for a burnt offering, Ezekiel.46.6 5and the grain offering shall be an ephah with the ram, and the grain offering with the lambs as much as he is able to give, and a hin of oil with an ephah. 6"On the day of the new moon he shall offer a young bull without blemish, also six lambs and a ram, which shall be without blemish. 7"And he shall provide a grain offering, an ephah with the bull and an ephah with the ram, and with the lambs as much as he is able, and a hin of oil with an ephah.… Leviticus.1.3 2"Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, 'When any man of you brings an offering to the LORD, you shall bring your offering of animals from the herd or the flock. 3If his offering is a burntoffering from the herd, he shall offer it, a malewithout defect; he shall offer it at the doorway of the tent of meeting, that he may be accepted before the LORD. 4'He shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, that it may be accepted for him to make atonement on his behalf.… Ezekiel.43.25 24'You shall present them before the LORD, and the priests shall throw salt on them, and they shall offer them up as a burnt offering to the LORD. 25 For seven days you shall prepare daily a goat for a sin offering; also a young bull and a ram from the flock, without blemish, shall be prepared. 26'For seven days they shall make atonement for the altar and purify it; so shall they consecrate it.…(Seven makes the vaaja/biija/semen/seven! cf.M-1186) Luke 2: 22 When the days of their purification according to the law of Moses were fulfilled, they brought him up to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord 23 (as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male who opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord”), 24 and to offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the law of the Lord, “A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.” http://biblehub.com/hebrew/352a.htm In the Aitareya Brahmana there is very detailed instructions on the institution of the pasu/vasu/vadhu/asva/bhadra/patni/bhadra kali/patravani/putrakameshti yaga/rajasuya/Harischandra –Sunasepha etc.This shows the Rigveda/Aitareya belong to the Indus valley period when sacrificial rituals were instituted. Aitareya-5.1.10-brahma-nivid-kshatriya-vaisya-12 pada-prajapati etc.cf. M278. Nivid literally means ‘to proclaim,’ ‘proclamation mantra’. In the Somayāgas, the soma juice has to be extracted from the stalks three times a day. They are called: Prātassavana - It is the pressing done in the morning. Mādhyandinasavana - It is the pressing done in the noon. Tṛtīyasavana - It is the pressing done in the evening. During the last two extractions śastras are recited, nivids being a part of these. They are short mantras consisting of twelve clauses. They declare the names of the deities concerned and are repeated loudly. They are recited by the hotri priest. Riksha→Diksha→raksha→Akshara→dhvani→nivid→,→12→miina. satra/dasra →sa(1,bird,;agna,agra,eka,man)+tra(3, ,) →4→→saras→dasra→Sarada/Sarasvati etc. 12/dvadasa/Divodasa→tri satra→srii satra. kapala-pot,11pots are used for sacrifice,8 for agni,3 for Vishnu cf. h147a kapala ashta-agni-tri-visnu,haya/asva/hari-srii/satra/saras/sarat-sarat-pati/bhadra/sarada-bhadra-kali/paNi/vaNi/kasi/hari/hali. In the somayaga the three main deities are usha,asvins and agni. agnirvai sarvaa devataa Vishnu:sarvaa devataa: All gods are agni.Vishnu is all gods. Bahish (bahula;bhaga/vaha-iisa) pavamana (bhaga-mana/nama) saman is a blend of+++++++etc.RV.9.11.1-3,9.64.28-30,9.66.10-12 Durgasavitri,, is RV.1.99.1. The Mahavyahriti is bhur(earth)-bhuvah(mid-space)-svar(sky)-mahar-(great,janas(people), tapas(austerity), satya(truth). Savitri/Gayatri(haya-hari-srii) is RV.3.62.10,. Trisuparna is RV.10.114.4 Manavi hymns are RV.8.27-31 Asvasukta is RV.8.14.1. Yajna yajna(brihati) is Rv.6.46.1 यज्ञा-यज्ञा वो अग्नये गिरा-गिरा च दक्षसे | पर-पर वयमम्र्तं जातवेदसं परियं मित्रं न शंसिषम || ऊर्जो नपातं स हिनायमस्मयुर्दाशेम हव्यदातये | भुवद वाजेष्वविता भुवद वर्ध उत तराता तनूनाम || वर्षा हयग्ने अजरो महान विभास्यर्चिषा Rshi of rathantara saman अभि तवा शूर नोनुमो.अदुग्धा इव धेनवः | ईशानमस्य जगतः सवर्द्र्शमीशानमिन्द्र तस्थुषः 7.32.22 is Vasishta and the rishi of the Brihat sama is Bharadvaja.Saama is mesha/maasa/medha/gana/kama/kala/hayana. Bharadvaja is - « The four feet of animals are indicated by the division of each verse Into four padas,and the two legs of the sacrificer by the stopping of the voice after the repetition of each half verse. The regular order of metres which commences by Gayatri and goes on by Ushnih, Anushtubh, &c. are based on the increase by four syllables on each subsequent metre. The major Vedic meters Meters are Gayatri(24 syllables; 3 verses of 8 syllables or 6x4 ; Rigveda 7.1.1-30, 8.2.14) Ushnih(28 syllables;2 verses of 8; 1 of 12 syllables or 7x4;Rigveda 1.8.23-26) ; Anushtubh(32 syllables; 4 verses of 8 syllables or 8x4;Rigveda 8.69.7-16, 10.136.7) Brihati( 36 syllables;2 verses of 8;1 verse of 12; 1 verse of 8 syllables or 9x4;Rigveda 5.1.36, 3.9.1-8); Pankti(40 syllables;5 verses of 8 syllablesor 10x4;Rigveda 1.191.10-12);Tristubh( 44 syllables; 4 verses of 11 syllables or 11x4;Rigveda 4.50.4, 7.3.1-12) and Jagati(cf.Sakti/Bhadra;48 syllables; 4 verses of 12 syllables or 12x4;Rigveda 1.51.13, 9.110.4-12) . The second chapter of the Aitareya Brahamana (The Rites of the Animal Sacrifice). On the Recitation of the sukta of the Ajya Sastra. The Peculiar Recitation of the First Verse Represents Copulation. (When the Hotar repeats) the (seven) Anustubh verses of devaya agnaye , he separates the first pada (from the second one). For a female divaricates her thighs (at the time of coitus.) He joins the two last padas (when repeating the hymn). For a male contracts his thighs (at the time of coitus). This (represents) copulation. Thus he performs the act of copulation (in a mystical way) at the very beginning of the recitation (of the Ajya Sastra), in order to produce (offspring and cattle for the sacrificer). He who has such a knowledge, is blessed with the production of offspring and cattle.By separating, the two first padas when repeating (this hymn), he thus makes the hindpart of the weapon (represented by the Ajya Sastra) very thick, and by joining the two latter padas (of the hymn), he makes its forepart thin. (The same is the case with) an iron club or with an axe (that is to say, the forepart, the shaft is thin, and the (iron) part of them thick). Thus he strikes a blow with the weapon at his enemy and adversary. Whatever (enemy) of his is to be put down, this weapon willaccomplish it. Thence that hearth is called Agnidhra.Saras-pati-agnidhra/ii-bhadra-kasi/kali/saras-patra/pati. Why fire is carried around the sacrificial animal? The Devas spread the sacrifice. When doing so, the Asuras attacked them, to prevent the successful performance of the sacrifice. The attack was made against the sacrificial post from the eastern direction, after the animal had been consecrated by the Apri verses , and before the fire was carried round the animal. The Devas awoke, and surrounded, for their own protection, as well as for that of the sacrifice (the place) with a three-fold wall resembling fire, . The Asuras seeing those walls shining and blazing, did not venture an attack, but ran away. Thus the Devas defeated the Asuras on the eastern side as well as on the western. For this reason the sacrificers perform the rite of carrying fire round (the animal, when consecrated), and have a mantra recited ; for they thus surround (the animal) with a three-fold wall, shining like fire, for their own protection and that of the sacrifice. After the animal is consecrated, and fire carried around it, they take it northwards. They carry before it a firebrand, meaning thereby that the animal is ultimately the sacrificer himself ; they believe that he will go to heaven, having that light (the firebrands carried before him.And in this way he really goes to heaven. The Adhvaryu throws sacred grass (kusa,barhis,,,-peacock,fire,flame) on the spot where they are to kill the animal. When they carry it outside the Vedi, after having consecrated and carried the fire round it, they make it sit on the sacred grass (barhis). All the deities of the Ishti must be mentioned along with the expression “jushasva” (cf.ushas/Sudas;usha-asva/vac); the name of the deity always precedes it in the genitive. Cf.the asvins are called Nasatya(ma-king,satya-Ficus, Vishnu, truth;, ) and Dasra(snake,donkey).Nasatya is also matsya,;ma(king)-astya(seat) ;maasa(month)-adya(beginning), mesha(aries)-adya(beginning) etc.Hence it is the first lunar date of the bright half every month,and the vernal equinox. After the Svistakrit is over, the remainder of the offerings, which are at the animal sacrifice, flesh is eaten by the priests and the sacrificer. The Ishti patra in which the dish is placed is held up and havis, the personification of food, called to appear. This "calling," of havis is always the same. They dig a ditch for its vapa/jaala/medodhara/omenta,. The entrails consist of herbs ; the earth is the proper place for herbs ; thus he puts them at the end in their proper place (by throwing them into a ditch, dug in the earth). They say when the animal is the offering, then many parts (of this offering) go off (are not used), such as hairs, skin, blood, half-digested food,hoofs, the two horns, some pieces of flesh which fall to the ground. (Such being the case) in what way then is the deficiency made up ? The answer is : if they sacrifice Purodasa, divided into its proper parts along with the animal, then the animal sacrifice is made complete. When the sacrificial essence had gone from the animals, both rice and barley sprang out of it. When they offer Purodasa, divided into its proper parts along with the animal, then they should think, " our animal was sacrificed with the sacrificial essence in it ; our animal has been sacrificed in its entirety." The animal of him who has this knowledge is sacrificed in its entirety. The Offering of the Drops which fall from the Omentum. After the Vapa (omentum) has been torn out (of the belly), they bring it (to the fire for being fried). The Adhvaryu causes to drip out of a Sruva drops of hot melted butter. When the drops are falling to the ground, the Adhvaryu orders the Hotar to recite the mantra appropriate to the drops (falling down). For the drops belong to all deities. He might think, they are not mine. (I, the priest, have nothing to do with them) ; they may, therefore, uninvited go to the gods ; (but ought to repeat mantras for them). He repeats the Anuvakya for the drops " Be favourable to our loud voice (to be heard at a distance) which is agreeable to the gods when swallowing our offerings with thy mouth ! " By this mantra he throws the drops into the mouth of Agni. He further repeats the hymn : Bring this our sacrifice among the gods 'by the words of the second pada of the first verse " be favourable to our offerings, Jatavedas " he begs for the acceptance of the offerings. In the words in the third pada of the first verse " eat, Agni the drops of the marrow and the melted butter," the drops , the marrow and the melted butter are mentioned. The words of the fourth pada of the first verse " eat, Hotar, having first taken thy seat !" indicate Agni ,for he is the Hotar of the gods. "Grant us the best things which are desirable, for worshipping (thee) in the proper way," he pronounces a blessing. " Agni ! these drops are dripping melted butter for thee, the wise, who art to be worshipped with gifts,' the drops (of marrow) are described as " dripping melted butter,." " Thou, the best Rshi art kindled ; be a carrier of the sacrifice !" he (the priest) orders the sacrifice to be successful. " To thee, Adhvaryu ! drip the drops of marrow and melted butter, Agni ! thou strong one !" the drops both, of the marrow and melted butter, are mentioned. " Mayest thou, praised by poets, come (to us) with thy brightly shining flame ! kindly accept our offerings, wise !" the priest asks the acceptance of the offerings. " We offer to thee the most juicy marrow (the Vapa), taken out of the midst (of the belly) ; these drops (of melted butter) drip on this thin skin (the Vapa), carry them severally up to the gods !" the priest pronounces the formula Vashat ! for the drops (and thus concludes the offering of the drops). He then repeats the same formula ,the Anuvashatkara for sacrificing the Soma/ Agni, using instead of " Soma " the word (ansu-drops)” These drops belong to all the gods. Thence the rain falls,divided in drops, down upon the earth. They ask: which are the Puronuvakyas, the Praishas and the Yajyas for the call : Svaha(tvach-skin) ? From this passage it is clear that by medas in the whole of this hymn, the Vapa or omentum is to be understood ; for it is called here tvach, i.e., skin. To make it clear, the seven Hotri priests (called Sapta hotris), after having repeated the hymn addressed to the drops dripping from the Vapa, is requested by the Maitravaruna, (who then gives the praisha, i.e., order to make the Svahas - the pronunciation of the formula : svaha ! of the yajya, the medas (Vapa) of the drops dripping from the Vapa,and of the verses which are addressed to the oblations in the hymn mentioned (imam no yajnamamriteshudhehi). This order the Maitravaruna concludes by the words: "Svaha ! the gods pleased with the Ajya may first taste the Ajya ! Hotar, repeat the Yajya !" Thereupon the Maitravaruna repeats a Puronuvakya for the offering of two portions of Ajya. Then the Maitravaruna orders the Hotar to recite two Yajyas, one for Agni, the other for Soma. They further ask : which are the deities for these Svahakritis ? {To this) one should answer, the Visve devah ; for there are at the end of the Yajya the words, " may the gods eat the oblation over which Svaha ! is spoken." The gods conquered by means of the sacrifice, austerities, penances,and sacrificial oblations the heavenly world. After the Vapa had been offered, the heavenly world became apparent to them. Regardless of all the other rites, they went up to heaven by means of the oblation of the Vapa (alone). Thereupon Men and Rishis went to the sacrificial place of the gods (to see) whether they might not obtain something worth knowing. Having gone round about and searched all the place,they found nothing but a disembowelled animal lying there. Thence they learnt that verily the value of the animal ( for sacrifices) consists only in its Vapa, which part is just as much as the whole animal. When they, at the third libation, fry the remaining portions (all save the Vapa) of the animal and offer them, then they do so, wishing, " may our sacrifice be performed with many many oblations ! may our sacrifice be performed with the entire animal !" The oblation of the Vapa is just like an oblation of ambrosia ; such oblations of ambrosia are (besides) the throwing of the fire (produced by the friction of wooden sticks) into the sacrificial hearth, the oblation of Ajya and that of Soma. All these oblations are without an (apparent) body (they disappear at once when thrown into the fire). With such bodiless oblations the sacrificer conquers the heavenly world. The Vapa is just like sperm ; for just as the sperm (when effused) is lost (in the womb), the Vapa is lost (disappears in the fire on account of its thinness). Further,the Vapa is white like sperm, and, without a substantial body, just as in order to induce these deities to accept the offering given after the recital of the Yajya. After having repeated them, he is ordered to repeat the Yajya for the medas (Vapa),addressing Agnishtoma. Blood and flesh making up the substance of the hody, the Hotar therefore should say (to the Adhvaryu) : cut off all that has no blood. The Vapa oblation must consist of five parts, even if there are only four parts (all except the gold plate) at the sacrificer's disposal. The priest first puts the melted butter for the Vapa in the ladle, then follows a thin gold plate,, the Vapa, the melted butter for the gold plate,and (lastly) the dripping of melted butter (on the whole). They ask : if there is no gold to be had, what should he do then ? (The answer is :) he should first put twice melted butter in the ladle,then the Vapa, and drip twice hot melted butter on it. The melted butter is ambrosia, the gold is also ambrosia. Therefore everything wished for (by the sacrificer) when throwing the melted butter and the gold (into the ladle), is attainable. Together with the melted butter (to be taken twice), and the gold, the Vapa oblation consists of five parts.'' Man is composed of five parts, viz, hairs, skin, fiesh, bones and marrow. The priest having (by the Vapa oblation) made (the sacrificer just such a man composed of five parts), offers him in Agni, who is the womb of the gods. For Agni is the womb of the gods ; after having grown together in Agni's womb with the (different other) oblations,he then goes up to heaven with a golden body. On the repetition of the Pratar-anuvaka, or Early Morning Prayer,on the Day of the Soma Libation: The Adhvaryu orders the Hotar to repeat the mantras appropriate for the gods who appear in the early morning. These gods are Agni,Ushas (dawn), and the Asvins (twilight) ; they come, if each of them is addressed in mantras of seven different metres.' They come on the call of him who has such knowledge. As Prajapati, when he himself was (once) Hotar, was just about to repeat the Pratar-anuvaka, in the presence of both the Devas and Asuras, he first thought, he will repeat the Pratar-anuvaka for our benefit ;the latter believed, he will do so for us. He then repeated it for the Devas. Thence the Devas became masters of the Asuras. He who has such a knowledge becomes master of his enemy, adversary. To each of these three deities are mantras in the following metres addressed : Gayatri, Anushtup, Trishtup, Brihati, Ushnih, Jagati and Pankti. It is called Pratar-anuvaka (morning prayer) ; for Prajapati prayed it early in the morning. It is to be repeated in the dead of night." For people follow in their sayings him, who possesses the whole speech, and the full Brahma, and who has obtained the leadership. Therefore, the Pratar-anuvaka is to be repeated in the dead of night : for it must be repeated before people commence talking. Should he, however, repeat the Pratar-anuvaka after people have commenced talking, he would make the Pratar-anuvaka (which should be the first speech uttered in the morning) follow the speech of another. Such being contrary to its nature it must be repeated in the dead of night. He should repeat it even before the voice of the cock is heard. For all the birds, including the cock, are the mouth (the very end) of the goddess Nirirti (destruction, death.) If he thus repeats the Pratar-anuvaka before the voice of the cock is heard,(he should do so considering) that we cannot utter the sacred words required at a sacrifice, should others already (animals or men) have made their voices heard. Thence (to avoid this) the Pratar-anuvaka should be repeated in the dead of night. Then verily the Adhvaryu should begin his ceremonies (by calling on the Hotar to repeat the Pratar-anuvaka), and the Hotar then should repeat it. When the Adhvaryu begins his work (by ordering the Hotar to repeat), he begins with Speech, and the Hotar repeats (the Pratar-anuvaka) through Speech. Speech is Brahma(cf.Abraham). Thus every wish which might be attainable either by Speech or Brahma is attained. Prajapati being just about to repeat the Pratar-anuvaka, when he was himself Hotar (at his own sacrifice), all the gods were in a state of anxious expectation, as to who of them would be first mentioned. Prajapati looked about (and, seeing the state of anxiety in which the gods were,thought, if I commence by addressing (the mantra) to one deity only how will the other deities have a share (in such an invocation) ? He then saw (with his mental eyes) the verse : “Apo revatir”, i.e., the wealthy waters Apo,i.e. waters, means all deities, and revati also means all deities. He thus commenced the Pratar-anuvaka by this verse, at which all the gods felt joy : (for each of them thought), he first has mentioned me ; they all then felt joy when he was repeating the Pratar-anuvaka. He who has such a knowledge (i.e., who commences his Pratar-anuvaka by the same verse), commences his Pratar-anuvaka with a joint address to all the gods. The Devas were afraid of the Asuras robbing them of their early morning sacrifice (the Pratar-anuvaka), for they (the Asuras) were so very strong and powerful. But Indra said to them : ' Do not be afraid ! I shall strike them with the three-fold power of my morning thunderbolt." He then repeated the verse mentioned “Apo-nap-triya”. This verse is in three respects a vajra(thunderbolt,varsha,vac) viz., it contains " the destroying waters" {opo nap triya cf.agrahayana,agra-hani,agraja killing in Egypt), it is in the Tristubh (Indra's metre, and it contains speech(vac/vak/bhaga) it is recited with a loud voice. With this thunderbolt he struck and destroyed them. Thence the Devas became masters of the Asuras. He who has such a knowledge, becomes master of his enemy, adversary. They say : he should be the Hotar who produces in this verse (when reciting it) the number containing all metres. This is the case, if it be repeated thrice. This is the production of the metres. He who wishes for long life, should repeat a hundred verses(cf.satamakha-Indra). For the (full) life of man is a hundred (yearsj ; he has (besides) a hundred powers, and a hundred senses. (By repeating one hundred verses), the priest secures to the sacrificer his full age, his (mental and bodily) powers, and his senses. He who wishes for (performing successfully the subsequent great) sacrifices, should repeat 360 verses. For the year consists of 360 days ;such a year (is meant here). The year is Prajapati. Prajapati(Asva/Jesus) is the sacrifice. The intelligent Hotar who recites 360 verses, turns (in this way) the sacrifice (regarded as a divine being, the mediator between gods and men) towards the sacrificer. In the Anukramanika of the deity of the song in which this verse occurs, is called Apo nap triya. He who wishes for children and cattle, should repeat 720 verses. For so many days and nights make a year (one of 360 days). Prajapati is the year. For, after he is produced ,the whole universe is produced (prajayate). He who has such a knowledge, obtains, if being born after Prajapati (by means of the sacrifice), children and cattle. If any one who is not recognized as a Brahman, or one who has a bad reputation on account of being charged with crimes, should bring a sacrifice, then 800 verses should be repeated. The Gayatri consists of eight syllables (three times eight). The gods being of the nature of the Gayatri, removed the evil consequences of sin and crime. He who has such a knowledge, removes the evil consequences of sin and crime from himself by means of the Gayatri. He who wishes for heaven, should repeat a thousand verses. For the heavenly world is at a distance of about 1,000 day’s travelling on horse back from here (this earth). (To repeat a thousand verses, is done) for reaching the heavenly world everywhere. (He who then wishes) for acquisition of things to be enjoyed, and of communion (with the gods),should recite an unlimited number (of verses). For Prajapati is boundless. To Prajapati belongs the recitation which makes up the Pratar-anuvaka. Therein are all desires contained. When he repeats an unlimited number (it is done) to obtain fulfilment of all desires. He who has such a knowledge, obtains fulfilment of all wishes. Thence one should repeat an unlimited number (of verses). He repeats verses of seven (kinds of) metres for Agni ; for there are seven worlds of the gods. He who has such a knowledge becomes successful in all of them. He repeats verses of seven (kinds of metres) for Usas ; for there are seven (kinds of) cattle in villages. He who has such a knowledge, obtains these seven (kinds of) cattle ( such as goats, sheep, cows, horses, asses, camels,and man) in the villages. . He repeats seven (kinds of verses) for the Asvins ; for Speech spoke in seven (different tones). In as many tones {i.e., seven) then spoke Speech (in all made men). (These seven tones are made) for comprising the whole speech (the worldly talk and singing), the whole Brahma. He repeats verses for three deities ; for three worlds are three-fold. (This repetition therefore serves) for conquering (all) these worlds of the gods, He is the creator. As many as a Hotar can repeat from after midnight to sunrise. They ask : how should the Pratar-anuvaka be repeated ? It is to be repeated according to the metres (verses of the same metre to be put together). The metres are the limbs of Prajapati. He who brings the sacrifice is Prajapati. For the benefit of the sacrificer, the several verses of the Pratar-anuvaka are to be recited pada (foot) by pada." For cattle have four feet, (if he do so) he obtains cattle. He should repeat it by half verses. When he repeats it in this way, (then he does so for securing) a footing (to the sacrificer). Man has two legs, and animals have four. He thus places the two-legged sacrificer among the four-legged animals. Thence he should repeat the Pratar-anuvaka only by half verses. They ask: the (metres of the) Pratar-anuvaka being developed, how do they become then undeveloped ? The answer should be : if the Brihati metre is not moved from its centre. Some deities have a share in the invocation offerings, others in the stomas (the chants of the Sama singers), others in the metrical verses(chandas) repeated (by the Hotar). By means of the invocation offerings , one makes pleased those deities who have a share in these offerings,and, by means of the chants and recitations, those also who have their shares in the stomas and metres. He who has such a knowledge, makes pleased and well-disposed both parties of deities (those who have their share in the invocation offerings, and those who have theirs in the stomas and metres). There are thirty-three gods who drink soma and thirty-three who do not drink soma. Tlie Soma-drinking gods are : eight Vasus, eleven Rudras, twelve Adityas, Prajapati and Vashat-kara. The not-Soma- drinking gods are :eleven Prayajas, eleven Anuyajas, and eleven Upayajas. They have their share in the sacrificial animal. With soma, he pleases the soma-drinking deities ; with the animal, those who do not drink Soma. Thus, he who has such a knowledge, makes both parties pleased and well-disposed. The charcoals for kindling the fire for these offerings are taken from the fire which is on the place where the animal is slaughtered. These charcoals are put on the so-called Dhisnya, or small fire-place behind which the Hotar is sitting, and which is between the Agnidhra and Marjari(cat,nri-jara as Indra and Ahalya;nridhana is Pancala) fires. On the same place the tail of the animal, the principal part of which belongs to the " wives of gods, " is sacrificed. They ask : if he repeats three liturgies (kratus) addressed to Agni,Ushas, and the Asvins, how can his concluding (the whole liturgy) with one verse only be accounted for ? (The answer is ): “abhud usharusat pasurityushaso ” all three deities are contained (in this verse). (The first pada ): " “aurora appeared with the roaring cattle”, is appropriate to Ushas. (The second pada:) "Agni is put in at the proper time, " belongs to Agni. (The second half verse ): " 0, ye mighty (brothers !), your immortal carriage is yoked, hear my sweet voice !" belongs to the Asvins. When he thus concludes with (this) one verse, then all three liturgies have their place in it. The Jagati hymns for Indra Dvadasaha sacrifice Rshayo vai Sarasvatyam satramasata....Sages like Bhrigu,Angiras conducted a satra(sarat/dasra) on the banks of the Sarasvati(the autumnal equinox) whose waters Kavasha was forbidden to drink whence to quench his thirst Kavasha composed “Pradevatraa” ,,(cf.prabhata-pratar) and “Aponaptriya”. The Aitareya the continues with details on: Chapter 3. Shadaha(cakra) and Vishuvan day of the Sattras, with the performance of the days preceding and following the Vishuvat. Chapter 2. The Asvina Sastra. The beginning day of the Gavam ayanam. The use of the Rathantara and Brihat Samans and their kindreds. The Mahavrata day of the Satra ..The offerings to the Devis and Devikas. The Ukthya sacrifice ... ... On the origin, meaning, and universal nature of the Agni-shtoma as the model of other sacrifices. On the Chatushtoma and Jyotitshtoma ..Akshara-pamkti. Narasamsa Pamkti. Savana-Pamkti .Chapter 3. The hymns for lifting the Chamasa (Soma cups). The Prasthita Yajyas of the seven Hotars concluding this ceremony. Tlie two different kinds of Hotars. Explanation of some apparent anomalies in the per- formances of the minor Hotris. The Jagati hymns for Indra. The concluding verses of the minor Hotri-priests. On a peculiarity in the Sastras of the Achhavaka ... SEVENTH BOOK. Chapter 1. The distribution of the different parts of the sacrificial animal among the priests ... Chapter 2. The penances for mishaps to the performer of the Agnihotram .. Chapter 3. The story of Sunasepha ... Chapter 4. The preliminary rites of the Rajasuya sacrifice ... Chapter 5. On the sacrificial drink which the King has to taste, instead of Soma, according to the instruction given by Rama Margaveya to the King Yasvantara ... Eighth book. Chapter 1. The Sastras and Stotras required at the Soma day of the Rajasuya ... Chapter 2. Punarabisheka or repetition of the inauguration ceremony .. Chapter 3.The Mahabhiseka or grand inauguration ceremony of Indra ... Chapter 4. The Mahabhisheka ceremony performed on a King. What Risis performed it, and for what Kings they performed it ... Chapter 5. On the office of the Purohita, or house-priest. The Brahmanah parimara, i.e., dying around the Brahma ... Nitya Yoga = Longitude of Sun + Longitude of Moon / 13 degrees 20 minutes .Like 27 stars, there are 27 nitya yogas also. Some Keywords for the 27 Yogas Yoga property 1 Vaidhriti Divisive 2 Vishkambha Victorious 3 Priti Contented 4 Ayushman Well Rooted 5 Saubhagya Good Fortune 6 Shobhana Gorgeous 7 Atiganda Danger 8 Sukarma Generous 9 Dhriti Enjoyment 10 Soola Confrontational 11 Ganda Troublesome 12 Vriddhi Discernment 13 Dhruva Constant, Reliable 14 Vyaghata Fierce 15 Harshana Excitement, Joyous 16 Vajra Power Burst 17 Siddhi Victory 18 Vyatipata Adversity 19 Variyana Luxurious Comfort 20 Parigha Obstruction 21 Siva Benevolent 22 Siddha Accomplished 23 Sadhya Diplomacy 24 Shubha Auspicious 25 Shukla Bright Focus 26 Brahma Trustworthy 27 Indra Leadership Karana indicate activity,astronomical period,helper,sound or word as independent part of speech, companion, writer, scribe,time,deity,act,document,grain,astrological division of the day,principle,cause,posture of an ascetic M305 , body, deed, instrument,sense organ, bond,sinew, pronunciation, element, spell, charm, father, mind, muscle ,rhythm,etc. Karanas of Panchang Fixed Type 1. Shakuni . Its ruling deity is Garuda (eagle). 2. Chatushpada .Its ruling deity is Vrishabha. 3. Naga .Its ruling deity is Naga (deified form of serpent) . 4. Kaustuva or Kimstughna . Its ruling deity is Kubera (Lord of wealth). Moveable Karanas. 1. Bava . Its ruling deity is Lord Vishnu 2. Balava. Its ruling deity is Brahma. 3. Taitila. Its ruling deity is Indra. 4. Kaulava . Its ruling deity is Chandra ( The moon). 5. Gara. Its ruling deity is Vasudeva. 6. Vanija. Its ruling deity is Manibhadra 7. Vishti or Bhadra. Its ruling deity is Mirtyu or death. Conclusion The continuity of the animal sacrifices shows that the vedic civilisation has no break from Harappan times to the present. 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Special mention need be made of Dr.Asko Parpola, Dr.J.M.Kenoyer, Dr.Massimo Vidale , Dr.I.Mahadevan, Dr.Bryan wells, Dr.T.S.Subramanyan ,Dr.Kalyanaraman etc.whose articles I have used extensively for my study . Most of the images are from Harappa.com/Wikipedia.com. Without them this paper would not have been possible. Vijayabhaarati

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