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Draupadi

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Mahasweta Devi situates her story against the Naxalite movement (1967-71), the Bangladesh Liberation War (1971) of West Bengal and the ancient Hindu epic of Mahabharata, engaging with the complex politics of Bengali identity and Indian nationhood. The tribal uprising against wealthy landlords brought upon the fury of the government which led to Operation Bakuli that sought to kill the so-called tribal rebels.

22 pages, Paperback

Published January 1, 1981

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About the author

Mahasweta Devi

184 books290 followers
Mahasweta Devi was an Indian social activist and writer. She was born in 1926 in Dhaka, to literary parents in a Hindu Brahmin family. Her father Manish Ghatak was a well-known poet and novelist of the Kallol era, who used the pseudonym Jubanashwa. Mahasweta's mother Dharitri Devi was also a writer and a social worker.

She joined the Rabindranath Tagore-founded Vishvabharati University in Santiniketan and completed a B.A. (Hons) in English, and then finished an M.A. in English at Calcutta University as well. She later married renowned playwright Bijon Bhattacharya who was one of the founding fathers of the IPTA movement. In 1948, she gave birth to Nabarun Bhattacharya, currently one of Bengal's and India's leading novelist whose works are noted for their intellectual vigour and philosophical flavour. She got divorced from Bijon Bhattacharya in 1959.

In 1964, she began teaching at Bijoygarh College (an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta system). During those days, Bijoygarh College was an institution for working class women students. During that period she also worked as a journalist and as a creative writer. Recently, she is more famous for her work related to the study of the Lodhas and Shabars, the tribal communities of West Bengal, women and dalits. She is also an activist who is dedicated to the struggles of tribal people in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. In her elaborate Bengali fiction, she often depicts the brutal oppression of tribal peoples and the untouchables by potent, authoritarian upper-caste landlords, lenders, and venal government officials.

Major awards:
1979: Sahitya Akademi Award (Bengali): – Aranyer Adhikar (novel)
1986: Padma Shri[2]
1996: Jnanpith Award - the highest literary award from the Bharatiya Jnanpith
1997: Ramon Magsaysay Award - Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts
1999: Honoris causa - Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
2006: Padma Vibhushan - the second highest civilian award from the Government of India
2010:Yashwantrao Chavan National Award
2011: Bangabibhushan - the highest civilian award from the Government of West Bengal
2012: Hall of Fame Lifetime Achievement Sahityabramha - the first Lifetime Achievement award in Bengali Literature from 4thScreen-IFJW.

মহাশ্বেতা দেবী একটি মধ্যবিত্ত বাঙালি পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন । তাঁর পিতা মনীশ ঘটক ছিলেন কল্লোল যুগের প্রখ্যাত সাহিত্যিক এবং তাঁর কাকা ছিলেন বিখ্যাত চিত্রপরিচালক ঋত্বিক ঘটক। মা ধরিত্রী দেবীও ছিলেন সাহিত্যিক ও সমাজসেবী। মহাশ্বেতা দেবী বিখ্যাত নাট্যকার বিজন ভট্টাচার্যের সঙ্গে বিবাহবন্ধনে আবদ্ধ হন। তাঁদের একমাত্র পুত্র, প্রয়াত নবারুণ ভট্টাচার্য স্মরণীয় কবিতার পঙ্‌ক্তি ‘এ মৃত্যু উপত্যকা আমার দেশ নয়’ এবং হারবার্ট উপন্যাস লিখে বাংলা সাহিত্যে স্থায়ী স্বাক্ষর রেখে গেছেন।

তাঁর শৈশব ও কৈশোরে স্কুলের পড়াশোনা ঢাকায়। দেশভাগের পর চলে আসেন কলকাতায়। এরপর শা‌ন্তিনিকেতনের বিশ্বভারতী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে ইংরেজিতে অনার্স এবং কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে স্নাতকোত্তর ডিগ্রি নেন।

১৯৬৪ খ্রীষ্টাব্দে তিনি বিজয়গড় কলেজে শিক্ষকতা শুরু করেন । এই সময়েই তিনি একজন সাংবাদিক এবং লেখিকা হিসাবে কাজ করেন। পরবর্তীকালে তিনি বিখ্যাত হন মূলত পশ্চিমবাংলার উপজাতি এবং নারীদের ওপর তাঁর কাজের জন্য । তিনি বিভিন্ন লেখার মাধ্যমে বিভিন্ন উপজাতি এবং মেয়েদের উপর শোষণ এবং বঞ্চনার কথা তুলে ধরেছেন। সাম্প্রতিক কালে মহাশ্বেতা দেবী পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সরকারের শিল্পনীতির বিরুদ্ধে সরব হয়েছেন । সরকার কর্তৃক বিপুল পরিমাণে কৃষিজমি অধিগ্রহণ এবং স্বল্পমূল্যে তা শিল্পপতিদের কাছে বিতরণের নীতির তিনি কড়া সমালোচক । এছাড়া তিনি শান্তিনিকেতনে প্রোমোটারি ব্যবসার বিরুদ্ধেও প্রতিবাদ করেছেন ।

তাঁর লেখা শতাধিক বইয়ের মধ্যে হাজার চুরাশির মা অন্যতম। তাঁকে পদ্মবিভূষণ (ভারত সরকারের দ্বিতীয় সর্বোচ্চ নাগরিক পুরস্কার,২০০৬), রামন ম্যাগসেসে পুরস্কার (১৯৯৭), জ্ঞানপীঠ পুরস্কার (সাহিত্য একাডেমির সর্বোচ্চ সাহিত্য সম্মান), সার্ক সাহিত্য পুরস্কার (২০০৭) প্রভৃতি পদকে ভূষিত করা হয়।

২০১৬ সালের ২৮ জুলাই, বৃহস্পতিবার বেলা ৩টা ১৬ মিনিটে চিকিৎসাধীন অবস্থায় তিনি শেষনিশ্বাস ত্যাগ করেন।


जन्म : 1926, ढाका।

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5 stars
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109 (34%)
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Displaying 1 - 28 of 28 reviews
Profile Image for Jack Edwards.
Author 1 book239k followers
January 12, 2020
Definitely worth reading the translator's foreword which gives a fantastic, concise overview of the history, gender politics, and onomastics in the short story.
Profile Image for Ritu.
194 reviews47 followers
September 27, 2017
Krishna doesn't show up.

You fucking jackal of a cop, deadly afraid of death, you can't run around in a forest. I'd run you out of breath, throw you in a ditch, and finish you off.

She is her own Krishna.

I have tried to type a review that would aptly describe what the writings of Mahashweta Devi make me feel and I have failed. One has to read it to know.
Profile Image for Surbhi.
1 review15 followers
February 12, 2018
Draupadi/Dopdi - two women separated by more than a thousand years, angry and determined, refusing to bow down and enact the accepted role of a woman bowed down at the feet of her patriarchal oppressors.
This is a powerful story and it will stay with me for a long long time.
Profile Image for Deepika.
93 reviews8 followers
August 28, 2021
This was a bookstagram recommendation. It is a short story with hardly 22 pages and 30 minutes of read.
I really don't have words to express but the story has left an impact which is gonna last ages.
Profile Image for Pritam Chattopadhyay.
2,498 reviews156 followers
October 21, 2020
Draupadi is a narrative about Dopdi Mehjen, a woman who belongs to the Santhal tribe of West Bengal. She is a Robin Hood-like figure who with her husband, Dhulna, murders wealthy landlords and usurps their wells, which is the principal source of water for the village. The government attempts to overpower these tribal rebel groups through many means: kidnapping, murder, rape. Dopdi is captured by Officer Senanayak who instructs the army officers to rape her to extract information about the rebel uprising.

Draupadi, translated by Gayatri Spivak, commences with what appears to be a tongue in cheek counterpointing of dissimilar modes of official discourse through which the central character, a tribal woman called Dopdi Mejhen, is named, built, displaced and silenced. Mahasweta’s Draupadi is an exclusive take on the Draupadi of the Mahabharata. One of the Puranas has the following verse: “In the Kritar Yuga Renuka was Kritya, / In the Satya Yuga Sita was Kritya, / In the Dwaparyuga Draupadi was Kritya / And in Kalyugas there are Krityas in every house.”

Draupadi is at once a piece of writing material on which later writing has been superimposed on effaced earlier writing and a contradiction. The character Dopdi is a recreation of Draupadi of the epic, and yet how unlike a ‘kritya’ she is! Mahasweta situates her story against the Naxalite movement (1967-71), the Bangladesh Liberation War (1971) of West Bengal and the antique epic of Mahabharata, engaging with the composite politics of Bengali individuality and Indian nationhood.

The tribal rebellion against wealthy landlords brought upon the fury of the government which led to Operation Bakuli that sought to kill the so-called tribal rebels. Through Dopdi Mahasweta Devi has tried to raise the issues of dependability, as she herself demands convinced political responses from us. She expects us to know something about the Naxalbari movement and she also wants us to appreciate something about the revolution that Dopadi is fighting for us.

The most attractive part of the story is that Dopdi is portrayed as an illiterate, uneducated tribal woman. Yet she leads the politicized life amongst all because she is engaged in an armed struggle for the rights and freedom of the tribal people.

Being a tribal means that she is not considered as s part of mainstream Indian society. She thus occupies lowest rung in a class based society. We find here in the story that the status and respect women are accorded in tribal society is far superior to that of women in mainstream Hindu society.

They are treated as equals and protected from the kind of denigration women face elsewhere, as Dopdi here in the story in the first two parts of the story, she is fighting shoulder to shoulder with her husband. It is in the third part of the story that she is provoked to fight male oppression singly, and in the conclus ion the use of the white clothe which is associated with purity and innocence, visually contrasted with Dopadi’s black body, and is very powerful. So, here Mahasweta Devi represents Dopdi not as victim but she is equal to men who fight for her rights.

The character of Dopdi allows us to view the subaltern’s identity in comparison with the hegemonic structures seen through the policemen and Officer Senanayek. Thus, Dopdi’s body becomes a site of both the exertion of authoritarian power and of gendered resistance.

Dopdi bears the torture as she is raped by many men through the support of the voice of another man Arijit that urges her to save her comrades and not herself. However, the attack on her body fades this male authority’s voice as she candidly reacts to the police. Her refusal to be clothed goes against the phallocentric power, and the exploitation of her body gives her the agency to step away from the hegemonic patriarchy of the policemen.

Draupadi is a story that is poignant in its depiction of women as the most atrocious victims of conflict and war. This approval on the part of Officer Senanayak in the story for the officers to ‘make her’ is reminiscent of the situation of Bangladesh’s Birangona and Japan’s comfort women.

At the end of the story, the protagonist confronts the army officers with her bare body -- the body that was violated and tortured is also in reverse used as a weapon. Even though Dopdi has been physically mistreated, she refuses to be emotionally wounded.

In Draupadi, the author presents a sturdy woman who regardless of being marginalised and exploited, transgresses conservative sexual and societal standards. Dopdi subverts the physicality of her body from powerlessness into powerful resistance. She does not represent the tribal woman by romanticising her depiction of Dopdi but instead realistically re-presents her through simple language and complex emotions. Draupadi recognises a woman’s body as an asset through which they can resist the socio-political objectification of their bodies and overcome oppression.

The story is hugely powerful and shocking.
Profile Image for dipandjelly.
234 reviews5 followers
July 22, 2016
Words fall short. They really do fall short, when describing this text. In a sentence: this is the kind of reading that should a) come with a trigger warning and b) will leave you aghast and agape and in total awe and c) will etch itself, permanently, in your brain.
Profile Image for Prateek GOYAL.
55 reviews
September 25, 2021
I picked this up after getting the news that this story has been dropped from the syllabus in Delhi University. I could understand the reason behind the step i.e. this story glorifies Naxals which is a menace to Government and brings to light exploitation of the tribals at the hands of army men.

The foreword by Gayatri Spivak sets the stage with her fiery tongue. But Gayatri's rhetoric relies on Aryan Invasion Theory which has been falsified today. I found the writing style of Gayatri bit difficult but I came to appreciate her after reading the more difficult-to-read Mahashweta's story. It was almost ramblings of the mind. Maybe only my copy didn't have inverted commas for dialogue. Only in the last couple of pages all of it came together to make sense which was disturbing yet mind-blowing.

This story quite effectively portrays the naxals as not enemies but humans and unveils their side of struggle.
Profile Image for Pratiti.
27 reviews30 followers
January 15, 2018
A short story about a fugitive naxal woman, is both enriching and exciting. The way it ties in with Draupadi, the wife of the five pandavas is even more enticing.
Profile Image for Aasiya Maaviah.
54 reviews6 followers
March 30, 2021
“How to change your life and perspective forever in 1 hour and 22 pages”
Profile Image for Kanwarpal Singh.
2,492 reviews48 followers
November 23, 2021
The story of women Dopdi Mejhen, a Santhal, a tribal and part of the insurgency group that the state forces have to subdue, is captured and raped repeatedly. The attempts to 'make her' or subjugate her fail. Her violators can only mutilate her body but cannot subdue her spirit…show more content…
This points to male realities that are made to superimpose upon the woman's reality, which anyway is never written or articulated. she became a bandit with her husband as they are Robinhood , in order to take revenge she make a group of rebel dacoits who will work for lower caste oppression and avenge them with loot of Money they share with thr people, many upper caste were killed for the crime so in order to get rid of her, upper caste take police help with bribing them and make a fake encounter for her and her group but luckily she survived with her sensibility and they were cornered by forces before dead they avenge many. Her laughter and her blood challenge the Senanayak, daring him to do his worst, communicating her refusal to be shamed into submission. Her challenge inverts the dynamic of power and renders the Senanayak powerless. As she bursts into language, the Senanayak find himself bereft of language, too scared to speak at the end – ‘and for the first time Senanayak is afraid to stand before an unarmed target, terribly afraid.
Profile Image for Sayonee.
89 reviews19 followers
July 12, 2020
"You can strip me, but how can you clothe me again? Are you a man?"

Draupadi opens her eyes after "a billion moons" and finds herself in the form of Dopdi, a tribal woman, as a proof of male authoritative society once again.

But this time Krishna never shows up.

Dopdi becomes the woman that Draupadi couldn't be; she becomes her own Krishna with divine power!

"There isn't a man here that I should be ashamed. I will not let you put my cloth on me. What more can you do?"

It's such an overwhelming and powerful story and indeed a must read.
Profile Image for Kuldeep.
2 reviews
January 7, 2023
Premise: Will give you chills. Without revealing too much. It's not about what you think from the title. Naxalbari movement, Adivasis, rapes, femme fatale. But it will leave a slight shockwave on your brain. That's for sure!

About the book: The title got into headlines sometime ago for being removed from the syllabus of Delhi University. No big surprise, BJP government is ushering us towards a no free media, no free speech world. Couldn't have missed on a lefty book.

Writing Style: Love the writing style of Mahasweta Devi. Not a lot of people know that, but she was nominated for the international booker prize in 2009. I think her genius has not been celebrated enough because of her being a Bengali writer. Maybe she's famous in Bengal,

Mahasweta Devi: What I do know is that she's highly acclaimed in Academia. She wrote more than 100 novels. And was a leading force for the empowerment of Adivasis and the leftist movement. President Shankar Dayal Sharma commuted two death sentences after Devi led a petition campaign.

Extra remarks: Reminds me of this documentary that I had seen a long, long time ago. It shows the real life depiction of the group of people the story is about. What they go through everyday.

https://youtu.be/OvUVzvt_jtg

Must Read. Must Watch!
Profile Image for anna near.
188 reviews12 followers
January 28, 2023
Wow. A feminist reconstruction on the story of Draupadi, Mahasweta Devi explores what it meant to be a marginalized and subaltern woman.

I read this short story over, and over again.

Dopdi Mehjen, the main protagonist, is such a powerful woman- even that sounds underwhelming compared to how incredible she is. I was in a constant state of awe as I read about her murdering the landlords and her eventual capture. When she is assaulted by the officers who captured her (which sparked a relevant comparison to the torture of men and women in war) she refuses to feel any shame. Instead, she flips the script and weaponizes her violated body. When she confronts the senior officer- she makes him 'terribly afraid'

"What’s the use of clothes? You can strip me, but how can you clothe me again? Are you a man?"

There are no words to describe how impactful this story was. I will always adore retellings of classic epics, like the Mahabharata, where female characters take agency in their narrative.

I highly recommend this to literally anyone. Ever.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
6 reviews
July 17, 2023
I believe words aren't enough to describe the beauty Draupadi's character beholds as she protects her tribe despite being stripped off physically and mentally all night.

And as the white cloth is pulled off from her body throughout the night, it wraps around Senanayak's (the specialist bent on capturing tribals) neck as he learns to "terribly fear his unarmed target."

Eventually, Mahasweta Devi's Draupadi packs the most powerful statement(s) leaving the other men scared witless as well (note: she was a criminal for them, once).
Profile Image for Harsh Pal Singh.
24 reviews
October 24, 2019
A very strong story of Draupadi Manji a tribal Naxal outlaw who could not be caught. Once she gets caught the humiliation at the hands of the so called saviours of society, multiple rapes she had to endure, kept clothless and without food.. the end brings her accumulated anguish, pain and defiance to fore..

Profile Image for Noor.
33 reviews2 followers
August 5, 2020
I've never read a more authentic, moving, and inspiring piece of fiction. All in a matter of a few pages. I highly recommend this one to everyone. The translation is brilliant and the Indian essence is intact. This makes me want to read it in Bengali to understand what the author really said.
Profile Image for Shorya Jain.
71 reviews15 followers
September 4, 2021
Read the foreword, read the book and then read the foreword again. There was discourse recently about this book being removed from the curriculum in DU. This book juxtaposes the story of Draupadi with rape as a tool for oppression against tribals in India.
September 19, 2022
"Uncomfortable" sensations rose up within me as I read this short story, but if the topic that is written about here were "comfortable" to talk about, it wouldn't be an amazing story about "being one's own Krishna" now would it?
Profile Image for Garima Gupta.
26 reviews4 followers
Read
May 7, 2020
A tale of defiance within the backdrop of dehumanization, objectification, other-rization and oppression. It is extremely powerful and can freeze you..a must read.
1 review
July 5, 2022
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Sona.
25 reviews
September 8, 2021
The writing style was difficult to understand but I found it fascinating. I am going to come back to this book after a while just to see if I will be able to appreciate it better.
Displaying 1 - 28 of 28 reviews

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