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JAWAHAR NAVODAYA
VIDYALAYA
BASHETTIHALLI, DODDABALLAPUR,BENGALURU RURAL (DIST)
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON
ANALYSIS OF HONEY
PROJECT REPORT 2016-2017
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the A.I.S.S.C.E
requirements for the award of CLASS XII SCIENCE
DONEBY:JAGADISH GOWDA P
Examination Reg.No. :
GUIDED BY:SELVUM (PGT CHEMISTRY)
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JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
DODDABALLAPUR, BENGALURU RURAL
(DIST)
This is tocertifythatthisbonafideproject work in the subject of
chemistryhas been done by JAGADISH GOWDA P of class XII
science in the academic year 2016-2017 and submitted to
A.I.S.S.C.E.practical examination conducted by CBSE at J N V
Doddaballapur.
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL
EXAMINER
LABORATORY CERTIFICATE
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PRINCIPAL
JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
DODDABALLAPUR, BENGALURU RURAL [DIST]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby acknowledge my deep sense of
gratitude and indebtedness to the following
personalities whose immense help, genius
guidance, encouragement, necessary suggestions,
initiations, enthusiasm and inspiration made this
work a master art and a joint enterprise.
Mr. R. Charavarthy (Principal)
Mr. D. Giri- (Vice Principal)
Mr. SELVUM - (PGT Chemistry)
Mr. Umasrikanth- (Lab assistant)
AND MY CLASSMATES AND FRIENDS
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THOUGHTS:-
“Scientific and humanist
approaches are not
competitive, butsupportive
and both are ultimately
necessary."
-Robert C Wood.
"There is no higher or lower
knowledge, but one and only
one,flowering out of
experimentation."
-Leonardo da Vinci
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AIM:-
To analyze the
available honey for
presence of different
minerals and
carbohydrates.
REQUIREMENTS:
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APPARATUS:-
Test tubes, Test tube stand, Burner,
Water Bath.
CHEMICALS:-
Fehling solution A, Fehling solution B,
Ammonium chloride solution, Ammonium
oxalate solution, Ammonium phosphate,
Conc. Nitric acid, Potassium
sulphocyanide solution.
THEORY
Honey, thick, sweet, super saturated sugar
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solution manufactured by bees to feed their
larvae and for the subsistence during winter.
Bee honey is composed of fructose, glucose
and water, in varying proportions. It also
contains several enzymes and oils. The color &
flavor depends on the age of the honey and the
sources of the nectar .It colored honeys are
usually of higher quality than dark
coloredhoneys. Other high grade honeys are
made by bees from orange blossoms, clover and
Alfalfa. A well known, poorer grade honey is
produced from buckwheat.
Honey has a fuel value of about 3307 cal/kg
[1520 cal/ lbs]. It readily picks up moisture from
the air and is consequently used as a moistening
agent for Tobacco and in baking. Glucose
crystallizes out of honey on standing at room
temperature, leaving on uncrystallized layer of
dissolved fructose. Honey to be marketed is
usually heated by a special process to about
66o
C [150.01 F] to dissolve the crystals and is
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sealed to prevent crystallization. The fructose in
crystallized honey ferments readily at about 160
C.
PROCEDURE:-
TEST FOR MINERALS:-
1. Test for Potassium:-
2ml of honeyis takenin a testtubeand
picricacidsolutionis added.Yellow
precipitateindicatesthe presence ofK+.
2. Test for Calcium:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
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NH4Cl solution and NH4OH solution are
added to it. The solution is filtered and to
the filtrate 2ml of ammonium oxalate
solution is added. White ppt. ormilkiness
indicates the presence ofCa2+ ions.
3. Test for Magnesium:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
NH4Cl solution is added to it and then
excess of Ammonium phosphate solution
is added. The side of the test tube is
scratched with a glass rod.
Whiteprecipitate indicates the presence of
Mg2+ ions.
4. Test for Iron:-
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2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and a
drop of conc. HNO3 is added and it is heated.
It is cooled and 2-3 drops of Potassium
sulphocyanide solution isadded to it. Blood
red color shows the presence of iron.
TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
1. Fehling`s test :
2mL of honey is taken in a test tube and 1mL
each of Fehling`s solution A and Fehling`s
solution B are added to it and boiled. Red
precipitate indicates the presence of reducing
sugars.
2. Tollen`s test:
2-3 mL of aqueous solution of honey is taken
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in a test tube. 2-3mL of Tollen`s reagent is
added. The test tube is kept in a boiling
water bath for about ten minutes. A shining
silver mirror indicates the presence of
reducing carbohydrates.
OBSERVATION TABLE
Substance taken: honeY
SL.
NO
TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1.
Test for
Potassium:-
Honey + Picric
acid solution
Yellow ppt.is
observed
Potassiumis
present.
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2.
Test for
Calcium:-
Honey +
NH4Cl
soln. + NH4OH
soln. filtered +
(NH4)2C2O4
White ppt.or
milkiness is not
observed
Calcium
is
absent.
3.
Test for
Magnesium:-
Honey+
NH4OH
(till solution
becomes
alkaline) +
(NH4)3Po4
White ppt.is not
observed
Magnesium
is absent.
4.
Test for Iron:-
Honey+conc.H
NO3,
heated and
cooled, +
potassium
sulphocyanide
Blood red colour
is observed
Iron is
present.
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5.
Fehling`s
test:-
Honey +
1Mleach of
Fehling`s
solution A and
Fehling`s
solution B
Red ppt. is
observed
Reducing
sugar is
present.
6.
Tollen’-
Honey + 2-
3mL
Tollen`s
reagent,
test tube in
water bath for
10 minutes
Shining silver
mirror is
observed.
Reducing
carbohydrate
is present
RESULT :-
Potassium ispresent.
Ironis present.
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Calcium is absent.
Magnesium is absent.
Honeycontainsreducing sugar.
