Anchovy and wolf herring

Anchovies are a small, shiny, silver fish of the family
Engraulidae. Similar to herring, they run in large schools.
There are 144 species in 17 genera, found in the Atlantic,
Indian, and Pacific Oceans and Mediterranean Sea.
Anchovies are found in scattered areas throughout the world's
oceans, but are concentrated in temperate waters, and are rare
or absent in very cold or very warm seas.
INTRODUCTIO
N

 Kingdom:Animalia
 Phylum:Chordata
 Class:Actinopterygii
 Order:Clupeiformes
 Family:Engraulidae
 Genus:Stelephorus

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa,
including the Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius eastward
to Hong Kong, the Arafura Sea , northern and eastern coasts of
Australia and further east to Samoa and Tahiti.
INDIANANCHOVY,
Stolephorus indicus

Ecology: Marine; brackish; pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous; depth range 20 -
50 m
Biology: A schooling species occurring in coastal waters and which appears to
enter at least the estuarine parts of rivers and to tolerate brackish water.
Food: Feeds most likely on zooplankton
Stolephorus indicus

Distribution: It is widespread in the northern part of
Indian Ocean, form and recognizable fisheries in
Indonesia, Malaysia, and Srilanka. It is distributed in
northern Australia also eastward to Fiji and Tonga. It
constitutes a minor fishery in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.
Biology: Peak spawning season is November- March.
Food: It is a planktonic feeds on zooplankton viz.
copepods, cladocerans, Lucifer, fish post larvae, larval
crustaceans and bivalve and phytoplankton like
Coscindiscus sp.
STOLEPHORUS
WAITEI

Distribution: South America from Aguuja Point, Peru to Chile in
the South. The distribution being dependent on the coastal
extent of Peru Current.
Ecology: The preferable temperature range is 13-23 degree C
and occurs mainly within 80Km of coast, forming huge school
chiefly in surface waters.
Biology: The anchovita spawn during the entire year in Peru’s
Current, however, the main spawning activity takes place
around September.
Food: It is a filter feeder entirely dependent on the rich
plankton, phyto- and zooplankton, and diatoms constituting as
much as 98% of the diet.
PERUVIAN ANCHOVY,
ENGRAULIS RINGENS

JAPANESE ANCHOVY,
Engraulis japonicas
Distribution: Western Pacific, Southern Sakhalin Island, Sea of
Japan and Pacific coast of Japan, and South to almost Canton/
Taiwan. It is also reported from the coast of South Africa to
Namibia. But mainly distributed in the northwest Pacific
extending from the southern Okhotsk seas in the north to the
north of South China sea in the south.
Ecology: These species prefers 7 to 14 degree C temperature
and undertakes migration during summer months.
Biology: Spawning varies from region to region, from highly
seasonal to throughout the year.
Food: It feeds on copepods, feeds on phytoplankton, viz.
diatoms and dianoflagellates; zooplankton: copepods, ostracods,
cladocerans, amphipods and euphausiids.

Distribution: It forms a commercial fishery on the
northwest (Maharashtra and Gujarat) and northeast
(West Bengal and Orissa) coast of India. Elsewhere it is
reported from Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand and
Indonesia
Biology: Spawning season is from January to May. The
individual spawns only once in a year.
Food: It feeds on copepods, ostracods, amphipods, fish
and prawn larvae but prefers to feed on ostracods and
Acetes spp.
GOLDEN ANCHOVY,
Coiliadussumeiri

DEVIS’ANCHOVY,
Encrasicholina devisi
Distribution: The species is widely distributed in Indo-
Pacific tropical waters 30 degree N to 24 degree S. Most
abundant species among engraulids in Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala and form recognizable
fisheries in Indonesia, Malaysia and Srilanka. It is
distributed in northern Australia also eastward to Fiji and
Tonga
Ecology: It is a schooling species, mostly confine to
shallower depth range and known to enter estuaries
Biology: E. devisi breeds throughout the year with peak
during October- November.
Food: The food of E. devisi comprised of copepods and
other zooplankton

PRODUCTION
TRENDSIN INDIA
Anchovy landing is 10,837 t in 2007-2008. Stolephorus
commersonii was dominant followed by S. indicus and S.
bataviensis.
In 2008-2009 the Stolephorus spp was landed in good
quantities during May-July period.The major species were
Stolephorus commersonii and S. devisi along the Central
and South Kerala region.
Whitebait Stolephorus spp were landed by ring seine (53%),
trawl net (25%) and boat seine (19.7%) in 2009- 2010.
Stolephorus commersonii is dominant in Central Kerala and
S. devisi in Southern area.
Stolephorus spp with 7.8% (41,192 t) contribution was the
third most important resource. November was the most
productive month in 2010-2011.

IN 2011-2012 THE WHITEBAIT CONTRIBUTE ONLY 3.5%
(2596.2%) TO THE KERALA LANDING. THE LANDING WAS
DECLINED BY 39.6% IN 2011. FEBRUARY WAS THE MOST
PRODUCTIVE MONTH.
THE WHITEBAIT STOLEPHORUS SPP WITH 4.6%
(38,697 T) CONTRIBUTION WAS THE SIXTH MOST
IMPORTANT RESOURCE THAT SUPPORTED THE KERALA
LANDING WHICH FORMED 6.3% PELAGIC CATCH. IN
2012-2013 DECEMBER WAS FOUND TO BE MOST
PRODUCTIVE MONTH.In 2013-2014 Anchovies (Stolephorus spp) contribute 45,334
t during the period with an increase of 17% from the
previous year.
From above data we can conclude that the anchovy production
is increased from previous years.

 Nutritional Value of Anchovies
Anchovies are rich in protein, vitamins and
minerals that help in maintaining good health. It contains
calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium,
sodium and zinc. Anchovies are a good source of vitamins
such as thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, vitamin C, B-12,
B-6, A, E and vitamin K. It also contains fatty acids and
cholesterol.

Health Benefits of Anchovies
Heart Health
Skin Health
Tissue and Cell Repair
Weight loss
Eye Health

Maharashtra and Gujarat
Orissa and West Bengal
Andhra, Tamilnadu, Kerala
South Quilon
:
:
:
:
dol net (mesh size 5-25mm)
bag net
boat seines (10-20mm)
gill net known as “Netholivala”
(mesh size 15mm)
Purse seines (mesh size, 4-
18mm)
Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and :
Kerala coast
Kerala and Karnataka coast : Ring seines (mini purse seine
with the mesh size of 8mm)
The depth of operation of these gears generally ranges from 10- 50m.
MEANS OF
EXPLOITATION

WOLF
HERRING
 Very elongate, highly
compressed fishes resembling
the Clupeidae (herrings,
sardines) but without scutes
along belly.
 Large canine teeth in both
jaws. No spiny rays in fins; a
single dorsal fin set well
behind midpoint of body;
pectoral fins set low on body.
Pelvic fins about equidistant
between pectoral base and
anal origin; anal fin origin
below anterior dorsal fin base;
caudal fin deeply forked.
 Colour: blue/green on back,
sides silvery.

KINGDOM:Animalia
PHYLUM:Chordata
CLASS:Actinopterygii
ORDER:Perciformes
FAMILY:Chirocentridae
GENUS:Chirocentrus

 Body very elongate, strongly compressed, belly sharp but without
scutes. Head strongly compressed; 2 fanglike canines pointing forward
in upper jaw, a series of canine teeth in lower jaw.
 Dorsal fin set far back on body; pectoral fin short, its length about
equal to distance between eye centre and hind border of gill cover; anal
fin origin below about dorsal fin origin.
 Colour: back bright blue (fading to grey, flanks silver. Upper part of
dorsal black (but frequently damaged);
 inner face of pectoral fin black at base; some black on anterior part of
anal fin.

 Throughout the area.
Elsewhere, eastward to the
Western Pacific and northward
to Japan.
 Pelagic in coastal waters, from
the shore to about 120 m depth.
 A predator, probably feeding on
small fishes and crustaceans.

Within the area, separate
statistics for this species are
only reported by Pakistan (7 500
tons in 1980). In addition,
India reports statistics for the
combined catch of C. dorab and
C. nudus (10 300 tons in 1980).
Caught with fish traps, gillnets,
seines and shallow trawls.
Marketed fresh or frozen.

 Body very elongate, strongly compressed, belly sharp but
without scutes. Head strongly compressed; 2 fanglike canines
pointing forward in upper jaw, a series of canine teeth in lower
jaw.
 Dorsal fin set far back on body; pectoral fin long, its length
greater than distance between eye centre and hind border of
gill cover;
 anal fin origin usually a little behind dorsal fin origin.
 Colour: back bright blue (fading to grey), flanks silver. Dorsal
fin clear (but frequently damaged)
 Inner face of pectoral fin black at base; no black on anterior
part of anal fin.
Chìrocentrus nudus Swainson, 1839

 Throughout the area, but
usually confused with C. dorab.
 Elsewhere, eastward to
Western Pacific.
 Pelagic in coastal waters, from
the shore to about 150 m depth.
 A predator, probably feeding on
small fishes and crustaceans.

 Separate statistics are not reported for this species.
 Chirocentrus nudus is usually included with C. dorab as a
single statistical category.
 The total recorded catch of wolf-herring in 1980 was 10 300
tons (India only).
 Caught with fish traps, gillnets, seines and shallow trawls.
 Marketed fresh or frozen.

 -FOR YOUR PATIENCE LISTENING.

Anchovy and wolf herring

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