3. INTRODUCTION
PRAWNS – FRESH WATER FORMS
SHRIMPS – MARINE SPECIES
PRAWNS & SHRIMPS- HIGH
COMMERCIAL VALUE, GREAT DEMAND &
WORLD APPEAL.
RICH SOURCE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
7. COMMON NAMES
Penaeus indicus-Indian white prawn- naran/
vellakonchu
Penaeus monodon- Tiger prawn-
karachemmeen/ pulikonchu
Penaeus merguiensis- Banana prawn-
pazhakonchu
Penaeus semisulcatus- Green Tiger prawn-
kuzhikara
8. COMMON NAMES
Metapenaeus dobsoni- Flower tailed prawn-
thelli / poovalan
Metapenaeus affinis- Indian prawn-
kazhanthan
Metapenaeus monoceros- Indian prawn-
choodan
Metapenaeus brevicornis- Yellow prawn-
manjakonchu
9. CULTURE OF FRESH WATER
PRAWN
40 Sps. of Fresh water prawns genus
Macrobrachium
Faster growth rate, high tolerance for temp
fluctuations & salinity and less cannibalistic
tendency
Inhabits rivers upper to lower reaches.
Mature males – upturned rostrum, larger than
females & have enlarged second pair of
walking legs.
10. MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBEGII
Inhabits rivers
Omnivorous – shallow muddy environment
Grows – 32cm – 200gm
Culture systems - Male size 25cm and
females 15cm
Freshwater form – river – estuaries for
breeding – young ones – freshwater habitats
River prawn cultured for 5-6 months
11. Penaeus indicus
Commonest marine shrimp sps in India
Body pale white, creamy or pale yellow
colouration.
Smaller in size (23cms & 150gms)but highly
delicious
Optimum salinity 20-30ppt.
Culture system with sandy bottom
Culture period 3-4 months
12. Penaeus monodon
Tiger prawn
Fastest growing of all species & cultivated
throughout
Body reddish or brownish with thick black
lines across abdomen
Euryhaline salinity 10-25ppt
Size 32cm and 400gms
Culture period 4 to 5 months
13. SHRIMP CULTURE SYSTEMS
Traditional and modern methods involved in
culture
Traditional – in fields from tidal waters
Modern hatchery units and nursery facilities
Intensive culture systems also.
Traditional - Prawn Filtration(chemmeen
varthu) – pokkali fields- chemmeen kettu
June- September rice cultivation
14. September – mid November – tidal water
enters- prawn seeds trapped-
Harvesting April – May
Harvesting early morning or evening, a few
days before or after full moon.
Thrissur, Alappuzha, Ernakulam & Kottayam.
15. REPRODUCTION & LARVAL
REARING
Berried females
Collected from natural water bodies
Maintained in hatchery
Mature males - petasma
16. Berried female, the orange colour of the eggs
indicates they have been recently laid
17. Berried female
The eggs of Macrobrachium
rosenbergii are carried by the (‘berried’)
females until they are ready to hatch; as
they ripen, they change from orange to
grey/black
18. INDUCED BREEDING –
EYE STALK ABALATION
Endocrine Organs in the eyestalk
1. Medulla terminalis X organ(MTX)
2. Sensory papilla X organ (SPX)
3. Sinus gland
X- organ produce moult inhibiting and gonad
inhibiting hormones
Y- Organ – moult hormones- crustecdysone
19. Intervals between spawning -10-67 days
changed to 3-15days
Cauterized females and double the number
of males put together.
Brood stock fed with nutritious diet
pH maintained at 8
Sexual maturation after one week.
Larval stages from nauplius onwards.
20. Nauplius ( 6 sub stages - in 2-3 days) fed on
yolk
Protozoea (3 sub stages – 3-6 days) feed on
unicellular algae
Mysis (3 sub stages – 3-5 days) feed on algal
cells.
Post larvae feeds on zooplankton
Post larva to juvenile- slow process- 15-20 days
Juveniles stocked when 20-25mm.
21. CULTURE IN PRODUCTION
PONDS
Extensive production system use seeds from
flow for culture
Low stocking density – 3000-5000 fry/ha
Pond preparation and supplementary feeding
Average production 200kg/ha per crop
22. Semi intensive shrimp farming- specially
designed ponds
Hatchery, nursery & rearing ponds
Stocking rate 28,000-50,000 fry/ha
Enhanced natural food production &
supplementary feeding
P.indicus 130-165mm (18-20g) in 3 months
P. monodon 160-165mm (35-40g) in 4-5 months
Shrimps are harvested in this period or a slow
growth exhibited
