The first war of independence 1857
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The first war of independence 1857
- 1. THE FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1857 A Summery by Bhavishya Gaur – 8th H
- 3. REVOLT OF 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British CrownThe rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi).
- 4. REVOLT OF 1857 It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east.The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the rebels' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. On 1 November 1858, the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities to have formally ended until 8 July 1859. Its name is contested, and it is variously described as the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Indian Insurrection, and the First War of Independence.
- 5. REVOLT OF 1857 Ever since the Britisher had set foot on India soil the national was losing its wealth and independence . The the aims of the British was to exploit the resources of the country. From 1757 onwards they won almost every battel against the India rules and kept on exending their area under their control.
- 6. CAUSES OF THE REVOLT
- 7. Causes of the Revolt Political Causes The revolt was outcome of the widespread resentment that had been boiling against the British for a long time. The sepoys were dissatisfied with their treatment. The policy of annexation of Dalhousie especially Doctrine of Lapse, created fear and resentment among Indian rulers. The British signed many treaties with the kings and nawabs but violated them. Indians lot all trust in British. Awadh had been an ally of the East India Company but it was annexed on the plea that the govt. was not functioning properly. This shocked the nawabs.
- 8. Causes of the Revolt Economic Causes The policy of economic exploitation and the destruction of the traditional India economic structure by the British caused widespread resentment among Indians. Whenever the princely states were annexed, the British got rent free land and huge amount of money. The common people faced unemployment and poverty. When awadh was occupied by the British, Nawab’s officials were dismissed and his army was disbanded. About 60,000 professional soldiers lost their livelihood.
- 9. Causes of the Revolt Social Religious Causes The social reforms were considered an interference in the customs and traditions of the Hindus. Many Indians opposed the introduction of western culture in India. The Hindu law of property was changed to enable a Christian convert to receive his share of ancestral property. Moreover, the British followed a system of racial discrimination. The British considered them as superiors. They advocated a judicial system based on the principle of equality but in actual practice it was biased.
- 10. Causes of the Revolt Military Causes The sepoys helped the Britishers to establish their empire in India. But instead of receiving awards or promotions they were humiliated by the British. Their was a discrimination between the Indian and the British soldiers. The highest pay given to an Indian sepoy (subedar) was less than the minimum pay of a European recruit. The act of 1856 made it compulsory for new recruit to serve overseas.
- 11. Causes of the Revolt Immediate Causes The cartridges of the new Enfield rifle had a greased paper cover which had to be bitten off before the cartridge was loaded into the rifle. It was said that the greased paper was made up of beef and pig fat. Both the Hindus and the Muslims refused to use them as cow is sacred to Hindus and the pig is detestable to the Muslim community.
- 12. HEROS OF THE REVOLT
- 14. On March 29, 1857 near kolkata , a young boy Mangal Pandey refused to use the enfield rifle and shot down his sergeant. He was arrested, tried and executed. When this news spread, many sepoys started the revolt
- 16. Indian queen of the Maratha princely state of Jhansi in North India currently present in Jhansi district in Uttar Pradesh, India. She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and became a symbol of resistance to the British Raj for Indian nationalists.
- 17. More heroes of this revolution NANA SAHIB TANTYA TOPE KUNWAR SINGH
- 18. More heroes of this revolution BEGUM HAZRAT MAHAL BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR …and many more
- 19. MAIN CENTRES OF REVOLT
- 20. SUPPRESSION OF THE REVOLT
- 21. Suppression of the Revolt British army freed Delhi, the epicenter of the revolt. Bahadur Shah Zafar was tried and sent to Rangoon. His children were killed. The control of Delhi and imprisonment of Bahadur shah Zafar broke the backbone of the mutiny. Luknow was recaptured in 1858. Rani Lakshmi Bai was killed and Tantya Tope was captured and hanged to death.
- 22. CAUSES OF FAILURE OF REVOLT
- 23. Causes of failure of revolt • The Uprising had been planned for months but it broke before the due date. It was not widespread. • There was no unity among the rebels. The ideas of nationalism had not yet developed. There was no common ideology. • It was limited to north and central India. Gurkhas helped the British to suppress the revolt. • The rebels could not match the sophisticated weapons of the British . • The leadership was neither strong nor gave directions to the rebels. Moreover the British got timely help from the government of Britain.
- 25. Results of the revolt • The rule of East India Company ended with Queen Victoria’s Proclamation of Nov. 1 1858. She assumed the title of the Empress of India. • A secretary of state for India Affairs was appointed to look after the governance of India with the help of a council. He was called Viceroy. • The policy of ruthless conquests and annexations of Indian territories was given up. The Indian princes were given the assurance that their states would not be annexed and were given the right to adoption. • Full religious freedom was granted to the Indians. They were also given assurance that high posts would be given to them without any discrimination.
- 26. LETS NOT FORGET THAT GREAT FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE WHICH BECAME A TRUE INSPIRATION FOR THE LATER FREEDOM STRUGLES. JAI HIND!!! Thank-you! | BHAVISHYA GAUR – 8th H