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Jungermanniales Black & White Stock Photos
RM2ANCH79–The encyclopdia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . lized to enable them to live inmore exposed situations. The lowest members of the series(Riccia) possess the simplest sporogonia known, consisting of awall of one layer of cells enclosing the spores. In the higher formsa sterile foot and seta is present, and sterile cells or elaters occurwith the spores. The lower members of the Jungermanniales arealso thalloid, but the thallus never has the complicated structurecharacteristic of the Marchantiales, and progress is in the directionof the differentia
RMPG05WC–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 8i antheridium body (Fig. 33, D). At this stage and the one preceding it Sphcerocarpus recalls the structure of the anther- idium of the Characeas, although the succession of walls is not exactly the same. The divisions of the central cells are ex- tremely regular, walls being formed at right angles, so that the sperm cells are almost perfectly cubical, and the limits of the primary central cells are recognisable for a long time. The development of the antheridial envelope
RMRDXMRK–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. JUNGERMANNIALES 267 clue to the steps of evolution of the elaterophore: that it arose by partial sterilisation of the archesporium, with the consequence that the fertile zone is relegated to the exterior. The development in Pellia is essentially the sarne, but the attachment of the elaterophore is to the base of the capsular cavity. It is worthy of note that these modifications occur in the Anakrogynous Jungermanniaceae, which, as we have already seen, are more advanced than the Akrogynous as regards
RMPG05RH–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. io8 MOSSES AND FERNS the short but evident pedicel of the archegonium. The latter is very like that of the anacrogynous Liverworts. Of the three first walls (Fig. 54, C), the last formed one is much shorter, so that one of the three peripheral cells is much smaller, and does not divide by a vertical wall, and the neck has but five rows of cells, as in Pellia. This appears to be universal among the acrogynous Jungermanniales examined. Often in Porella the three primary walls converge at the bot
![. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 114 MORPHOLOGY. ing in function the suppressed seta. It is formed by the elongation of the axis of the leafy branch beneath the sporophyte, and as it bears the capsule at its summit, it resembles an ordinary elongated seta (fig. 250). Of course the foot of the sporophyte is embedded in its tip. Conclusions.—The Sphagnales present a remarkable mixture of liverwort and moss characters. The simple thallus body of the gametopT]jte.iSaembies that of the anacrog3mous Jungermanniales; the^ecial leafy sFx^^^BrancKes su^est^the aLi'Ogyaou Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDYFKE/a-textbook-of-botany-for-colleges-and-universities-botany-114-morphology-ing-in-function-the-suppressed-seta-it-is-formed-by-the-elongation-of-the-axis-of-the-leafy-branch-beneath-the-sporophyte-and-as-it-bears-the-capsule-at-its-summit-it-resembles-an-ordinary-elongated-seta-fig-250-of-course-the-foot-of-the-sporophyte-is-embedded-in-its-tip-conclusionsthe-sphagnales-present-a-remarkable-mixture-of-liverwort-and-moss-characters-the-simple-thallus-body-of-the-gametopt-jteisaembies-that-of-the-anacrog3mous-jungermanniales-theecial-leafy-sfxbranckes-suestthe-aliogyaou-RDYFKE.jpg ". A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 114 MORPHOLOGY. ing in function the suppressed seta. It is formed by the elongation of the axis of the leafy branch beneath the sporophyte, and as it bears the capsule at its summit, it resembles an ordinary elongated seta (fig. 250). Of course the foot of the sporophyte is embedded in its tip. Conclusions.—The Sphagnales present a remarkable mixture of liverwort and moss characters. The simple thallus body of the gametopT]jte.iSaembies that of the anacrog3mous Jungermanniales; the^ecial leafy sFx^^^BrancKes su^est^the aLi'Ogyaou Stock Photo")
RMRDYFKE–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 114 MORPHOLOGY. ing in function the suppressed seta. It is formed by the elongation of the axis of the leafy branch beneath the sporophyte, and as it bears the capsule at its summit, it resembles an ordinary elongated seta (fig. 250). Of course the foot of the sporophyte is embedded in its tip. Conclusions.—The Sphagnales present a remarkable mixture of liverwort and moss characters. The simple thallus body of the gametopT]jte.iSaembies that of the anacrog3mous Jungermanniales; the^ecial leafy sFx^^^BrancKes su^est^the aLi'Ogyaou
RMPG05T8–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. nt THE JUNGERMANNIALES 97 brought about by a periclinal wall in each of the four termifial cells, dividing each into an inner archesporial cell, and an outer wall-cell. (Fig. 47, D.) The capsule wall in Fossombronia is two cells in thickness, except at the apex, where it may be three cells thick. The inner layer of cells, when the capsule is ripe, have irregular thickened bars developed upon the surface of the radial cell- walls. The development of the sporogonium is best known in Pellia epiph
RMRDKE29–. Dudley memorial volume, containing a paper by William Russel Dudley and appreciations and contributions in his memory by friends and colleagues ... Dudley, William Russel, 1849-1911; Botany. THE MORPHOLOGY AND SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF CALYCULARIA RADICULOSA (Steph.) By Douglas Houghton Campbell^ Professor of Botany THE classification of the so-called anacrogynous Jungermanniales, an important group of liverworts, is at present in a very unsatisfactory condition, and much remains to be done before the true relationships of the members of this group can be satisfactorily settled. A recent attemp
RMPG05TJ–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. m THE JUNGERMANNIALES 95 cells, each composed of four equal quadrant cells. According to Leitgeb (i), the upper tier, from which the capsule develops, is formed by the first transverse wall in the upper part of the embryo. This upper tier is next divided by nearly transverse walls into four terminal cover cells, and four larger ones below, and these latter are again divided each into three cells, an inner one and two outer ones, so that the capsule consists of four central cells, the archespor
RMRDF3DT–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 8i antheridium body (Fig. 33, D). At this stage and the one preceding it Sphcerocarpus recalls the structure of the anther- idium of the Characeas, although the succession of walls is not exactly the same. The divisions of the central cells are ex- tremely regular, walls being formed at right angles, so that the sperm cells are almost perfectly cubical, and the limits of the primary central cells are recognisable for a long time. The development of the antheridial envelope
RMPG05WK–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 77 taking place about the same time as the first division in the archegonial cell (Fig. 31, B). The divisions in the latter are the same as in Riccia, and the general structure of the arche- gonium ofifers no noteworthy peculiarities. The number of neck canal cells is small, probably never exceeding four, and in this respect recalls again Riccia. The central cell is relatively large, and the ventral canal cell often nearly as large as the egg. As the archegonium develops, i
RMRDF3AM–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. io8 MOSSES AND FERNS the short but evident pedicel of the archegonium. The latter is very like that of the anacrogynous Liverworts. Of the three first walls (Fig. 54, C), the last formed one is much shorter, so that one of the three peripheral cells is much smaller, and does not divide by a vertical wall, and the neck has but five rows of cells, as in Pellia. This appears to be universal among the acrogynous Jungermanniales examined. Often in Porella the three primary walls converge at the bot
RMPG05TN–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 93 off alternately right and left, and from each segment an arche^ gonium develops. The segment is first divided, probably, as in the male branch and the vegetative ones, into an inner and an outer cell, but I did not succeed in getting satisfactory longi- tudinal sections parallel to the surface, so cannot speak posi- tively on this point. The youngest segment, in which the archegonium mother cell is recognisable, shoves in vertical sec- tion three cells, a small ventral o
RMRDXMRX–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. JUNGERMANNIALES 265 the basis of the first segmentations, of the capsule from the seta. So far as segmentations offer a basis for argument, the general conclusion may be drawn that the seta and capsule are not always distinct ab initio. The developmental facts suggest that the fertile region may be held to be a residuum left by sterilisation, which has been basifugally progressive : the result of such sterilisation is the region of the seta as it is seen in these plants. We may regard as the most prim
![. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG05W6/the-structure-and-development-of-mosses-and-ferns-archegoniatae-plant-morphology-mosses-ferns-ill-the-jungermanniales-elatereae-8s-quotaneura-and-metsgeria-represent-the-simplest-of-the-typical-anacrogynous-jungermanniales-in-the-former-the-thallus-is-composed-of-absolutely-similar-cells-all-chlorophyll-bearing-and-in-each-cell-one-or-more-oil-bodies-like-those-of-the-mar-chantiacese-in-metzgeria-fig-37-the-wings-of-the-thallus-are-but-one-cell-thick-and-there-is-a-very-definite-midrib-usu-ally-four-cells-thick-the-apical-growth-in-both-genera-is-fig-37metzgeria-pube-PG05W6.jpg ". The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube Stock Photo")
RMPG05W6–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube
![. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. FlG. 129. A, median section of young sporogonium ot Aneura ambrosioides. The internal mass of cells of the sporogonial head ("archesporium") is already differentiated so as ta indicate the sterile elaterophore, and the outer fertile region. B, the same, older : the indications of sterilisation have extended outwards, and it is only the peripheral fringe of cells (shaded) which will be sporogenous. C, transverse section of the same. X150. It thus appears that in the Jungermanniales partial s Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDXMRF/the-origin-of-a-land-flora-a-theory-based-upon-the-facts-of-alternation-plant-morphology-flg-129-a-median-section-of-young-sporogonium-ot-aneura-ambrosioides-the-internal-mass-of-cells-of-the-sporogonial-head-quotarchesporiumquot-is-already-differentiated-so-as-ta-indicate-the-sterile-elaterophore-and-the-outer-fertile-region-b-the-same-older-the-indications-of-sterilisation-have-extended-outwards-and-it-is-only-the-peripheral-fringe-of-cells-shaded-which-will-be-sporogenous-c-transverse-section-of-the-same-x150-it-thus-appears-that-in-the-jungermanniales-partial-s-RDXMRF.jpg ". The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. FlG. 129. A, median section of young sporogonium ot Aneura ambrosioides. The internal mass of cells of the sporogonial head ("archesporium") is already differentiated so as ta indicate the sterile elaterophore, and the outer fertile region. B, the same, older : the indications of sterilisation have extended outwards, and it is only the peripheral fringe of cells (shaded) which will be sporogenous. C, transverse section of the same. X150. It thus appears that in the Jungermanniales partial s Stock Photo")
RMRDXMRF–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. FlG. 129. A, median section of young sporogonium ot Aneura ambrosioides. The internal mass of cells of the sporogonial head ("archesporium") is already differentiated so as ta indicate the sterile elaterophore, and the outer fertile region. B, the same, older : the indications of sterilisation have extended outwards, and it is only the peripheral fringe of cells (shaded) which will be sporogenous. C, transverse section of the same. X150. It thus appears that in the Jungermanniales partial s
RMPG05R0–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES IIS Goebel, much the same condition occurs in Porella, the first divisions of the spore give rise to a disc, and the formation of a filament is completely suppressed. This disc is nearly circu- lar in outhne, and at its edge a single large cell appears (Fig. 59, B), whose relation to the primary divisions of the spore is not quite clear. This cell forms the starting-point for the. Fig. 6o.—A, Lejeunia metzgeriopsis, showing the thalloid protonema with terminal leafy buds (&
RMRE1N70–. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. 292 COLLEGE BOTANY and produce new gametophytes. Tke complete life history is illustrated in Fig. 141. The genus Biccia also belongs to the Marchantiales and con- tains a number of species, some of which are terrestrial and others aquatic. They are smaller than M. polymorpha and the antheridia and archegonia remain embedded in cavities of the thallus. They are the simplest of the Hepaticoe. The Jungermanniales contains a larger number of species than either of the other two groups. They grow under conditions ranging from
RMPG05TW–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. m THE jungermanniAles. Fig. 42.—A, Vertical, B, C, horizontal sections through the apex of Pallavicinia cylindrica; *, apical cell, A, X22S; B, C, X430; D, E, Pellia epiphylla; D, ver- tical section; E, horizontal (optical) section, X450.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Campbell, Douglas Houghton, 1859-1953
RMRDF3CE–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. m THE JUNGERMANNIALES 95 cells, each composed of four equal quadrant cells. According to Leitgeb (i), the upper tier, from which the capsule develops, is formed by the first transverse wall in the upper part of the embryo. This upper tier is next divided by nearly transverse walls into four terminal cover cells, and four larger ones below, and these latter are again divided each into three cells, an inner one and two outer ones, so that the capsule consists of four central cells, the archespor
RMRDKE0G–. Dudley memorial volume, containing a paper by William Russel Dudley and appreciations and contributions in his memory by friends and colleagues ... Dudley, William Russel, 1849-1911; Botany. 50 DUDLEY MEMORIAL VOLUME expected that the early stages would conform to the usual type found in the Jungermanniales. In his description of the genus Calycularia given in Engler and Prantl's Natiirliche Pflanzenfamilien, Schiffner states that the antheridium has a single celled stalk, but in his later description of C. radiculosa, given in his work on the Liverworts of Buitenzorg he says that he did not
RMRDXMT3–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. 264 BRYOPHYTA B. The Jungermanniales. The same principle is illustrated also in the Jungermanniales, but with differences of detail. In these the first segmentation of the zygote separates a hypobasal cell, which in some cases develops as a multicellular. Fig. 124. Frullania dila-tata, development of the embryo. X 300. (After Leitgeb). x, x, the archesporial cells. The numbers indicate the primary transverse divisions. (From Campbell, Mosses and Ferns.'). Please note that these images are extracted fr
RMRDF3CP–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 93 off alternately right and left, and from each segment an arche^ gonium develops. The segment is first divided, probably, as in the male branch and the vegetative ones, into an inner and an outer cell, but I did not succeed in getting satisfactory longi- tudinal sections parallel to the surface, so cannot speak posi- tively on this point. The youngest segment, in which the archegonium mother cell is recognisable, shoves in vertical sec- tion three cells, a small ventral o
RMRDF3EC–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 77 taking place about the same time as the first division in the archegonial cell (Fig. 31, B). The divisions in the latter are the same as in Riccia, and the general structure of the arche- gonium ofifers no noteworthy peculiarities. The number of neck canal cells is small, probably never exceeding four, and in this respect recalls again Riccia. The central cell is relatively large, and the ventral canal cell often nearly as large as the egg. As the archegonium develops, i
RMRDF3C6–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. nt THE JUNGERMANNIALES 97 brought about by a periclinal wall in each of the four termifial cells, dividing each into an inner archesporial cell, and an outer wall-cell. (Fig. 47, D.) The capsule wall in Fossombronia is two cells in thickness, except at the apex, where it may be three cells thick. The inner layer of cells, when the capsule is ripe, have irregular thickened bars developed upon the surface of the radial cell- walls. The development of the sporogonium is best known in Pellia epiph
RMRDXMT1–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. Fig. 124. Frullania dila-tata, development of the embryo. X 300. (After Leitgeb). x, x, the archesporial cells. The numbers indicate the primary transverse divisions. (From Campbell, Mosses and Ferns.'). haustorium {Frullania), but more frequently remains as a minute appendage at the base of the fruit, while the epibasal cell gives rise to the capsule, stalk, and foot. So far as a comparison on the basis of the segmentation of the zygote is valid, this would indicate in the Jungermanniales a still fur
![. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDF3DF/the-structure-and-development-of-mosses-and-ferns-archegoniatae-plant-morphology-mosses-ferns-ill-the-jungermanniales-elatereae-8s-quotaneura-and-metsgeria-represent-the-simplest-of-the-typical-anacrogynous-jungermanniales-in-the-former-the-thallus-is-composed-of-absolutely-similar-cells-all-chlorophyll-bearing-and-in-each-cell-one-or-more-oil-bodies-like-those-of-the-mar-chantiacese-in-metzgeria-fig-37-the-wings-of-the-thallus-are-but-one-cell-thick-and-there-is-a-very-definite-midrib-usu-ally-four-cells-thick-the-apical-growth-in-both-genera-is-fig-37metzgeria-pube-RDF3DF.jpg ". The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube Stock Photo")
RMRDF3DF–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube
RMRDF3D2–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. m THE jungermanniAles. Fig. 42.—A, Vertical, B, C, horizontal sections through the apex of Pallavicinia cylindrica; *, apical cell, A, X22S; B, C, X430; D, E, Pellia epiphylla; D, ver- tical section; E, horizontal (optical) section, X450.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Campbell, Douglas Houghton, 1859-1953
RMRDF39F–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES IIS Goebel, much the same condition occurs in Porella, the first divisions of the spore give rise to a disc, and the formation of a filament is completely suppressed. This disc is nearly circu- lar in outhne, and at its edge a single large cell appears (Fig. 59, B), whose relation to the primary divisions of the spore is not quite clear. This cell forms the starting-point for the. Fig. 6o.—A, Lejeunia metzgeriopsis, showing the thalloid protonema with terminal leafy buds (&
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