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Jungermanniales Stock Photos and Images
RF2B7MXH2–Western Earwort (Scapania gracilis), a leafy liverwort growing on a boulder in an Oakwood in the Peak District National Park, England
RM2PF572P–Bidentate cammkel moss (Lophocolea bidentata), liverwort, moss, bifid Crestwort Exmoor N. P. Somerset, England, United Kingdom
RM2AFNH24–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). re seldom by four or eight valves. The archesporiumdevelops sterile cells, in the form of elaters, as w^ell as spores. The Marchantiales constitute a very natural order ofplants, all of whose members agree very closely in their funda-mental structure. The separation of the Ricciacese as a groupco-ordinate with the Jungermanniales and Marchantiales is notwarranted, as more recent investigations, especially those ofLeitgeb ((7), vol. iv.) have shown that the two groups of theMarchantiacese and Ricciacese merge almost insensibly
RMPG05WC–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 8i antheridium body (Fig. 33, D). At this stage and the one preceding it Sphcerocarpus recalls the structure of the anther- idium of the Characeas, although the succession of walls is not exactly the same. The divisions of the central cells are ex- tremely regular, walls being formed at right angles, so that the sperm cells are almost perfectly cubical, and the limits of the primary central cells are recognisable for a long time. The development of the antheridial envelope
RMMAB39H–. Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz . Fossombronia. Hlasia. Haplomitriuin. akrogyne Jungermanniaeeen. Jungermanniales.
RM2JFAR0K–Tropical liverworths growing in Bellavista cloud forest, Ecuador. There are at least two species in the photo, one could belong to the genus Bazzania.
RM2ANCH79–The encyclopdia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . lized to enable them to live inmore exposed situations. The lowest members of the series(Riccia) possess the simplest sporogonia known, consisting of awall of one layer of cells enclosing the spores. In the higher formsa sterile foot and seta is present, and sterile cells or elaters occurwith the spores. The lower members of the Jungermanniales arealso thalloid, but the thallus never has the complicated structurecharacteristic of the Marchantiales, and progress is in the directionof the differentia
RMPG05RH–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. io8 MOSSES AND FERNS the short but evident pedicel of the archegonium. The latter is very like that of the anacrogynous Liverworts. Of the three first walls (Fig. 54, C), the last formed one is much shorter, so that one of the three peripheral cells is much smaller, and does not divide by a vertical wall, and the neck has but five rows of cells, as in Pellia. This appears to be universal among the acrogynous Jungermanniales examined. Often in Porella the three primary walls converge at the bot
RMCNYXTF–liverwort (Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea cuspidata, Jungermannia bidentata), branchlets, Germany
RM2AFMJ68–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). m THE JUNGERMANNIALES 97 brought about by a periclinal wall in each of the four terminalcells, dividing each into an inner archesporial cell, and anouter wall-cell. (Fig. 47, D.) The capsule wall in Fossomhronia is two cells in thickness,except at the apex, where it may be three cells thick. Theinner layer of cells, when the capsule is ripe, have irregularthickened bars developed upon the surface of the radial cell-walls. The development of the sporogonium is best known inPellia epiphylla (Kienitz-Gerloff (i), Hofmeister (i)
RMPG05T8–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. nt THE JUNGERMANNIALES 97 brought about by a periclinal wall in each of the four termifial cells, dividing each into an inner archesporial cell, and an outer wall-cell. (Fig. 47, D.) The capsule wall in Fossombronia is two cells in thickness, except at the apex, where it may be three cells thick. The inner layer of cells, when the capsule is ripe, have irregular thickened bars developed upon the surface of the radial cell- walls. The development of the sporogonium is best known in Pellia epiph
RMCNYXRN–liverwort (Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea cuspidata, Jungermannia bidentata), branchlets, Germany
RMF00FDT–Handsome Woollywort, Liverwort (Trichocolea tomentella), in front of black background, Germany
RM2AFMXCA–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). m consistsof eight central cells and eight peripheral ones, and the stalkof two cells, of which the upper one forms the base of the Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES 8i antheridium body (Fig. 33, D). At this stage and the onepreceding it SpJiccrocarpiis recalls the structure of the anther-idium of the Charace?e, although the succession of walls isnot exactly the same. The divisions of the central cells are ex-tremely regular, walls being formed at right angles, so thatthe sperm cells are almost perfectly cubical, and the limits ofthe p
RMPG05TJ–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. m THE JUNGERMANNIALES 95 cells, each composed of four equal quadrant cells. According to Leitgeb (i), the upper tier, from which the capsule develops, is formed by the first transverse wall in the upper part of the embryo. This upper tier is next divided by nearly transverse walls into four terminal cover cells, and four larger ones below, and these latter are again divided each into three cells, an inner one and two outer ones, so that the capsule consists of four central cells, the archespor
RMF00FDW–Handsome Woollywort, Liverwort (Trichocolea tomentella), in front of black background, Germany
RM2AFMXYA–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). ich the archegonium itself is separated from the stalk, issome distance above the level of the adjacent cells of thethallus, so that the upper cell is very much smaller than thelower one. The upper cell has much denser contents than thelower one, which instead of remaining undivided as in Riccia,divides into two nearly equal superimposed cells, this division Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES 77 taking place about the same time as the first division in thearchegonial cell (Fig. 31, B). The divisions in the latter arethe same as in Ricci
RMPG05WK–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 77 taking place about the same time as the first division in the archegonial cell (Fig. 31, B). The divisions in the latter are the same as in Riccia, and the general structure of the arche- gonium ofifers no noteworthy peculiarities. The number of neck canal cells is small, probably never exceeding four, and in this respect recalls again Riccia. The central cell is relatively large, and the ventral canal cell often nearly as large as the egg. As the archegonium develops, i
RM2AFKTYW–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Fig. 79.—Dendroceros Breutelii. A, section of young sporophyte, X2S0; B, section ofmature sporophyte showing spores and elater-like, sterile cells; C, single elater,X2S0. plant that Leitgeb ((7), v., p. 39) based his theory of the closerelationship of the Anthocerotes and Jungermanniales. Allof Leitgebs observations on the young capsule were made fromherbarium material, and, as he himself admits, were in all casesembryos that had not fully developed. The writer has madea very complete examination of the commonest American spe
RMPG05TN–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 93 off alternately right and left, and from each segment an arche^ gonium develops. The segment is first divided, probably, as in the male branch and the vegetative ones, into an inner and an outer cell, but I did not succeed in getting satisfactory longi- tudinal sections parallel to the surface, so cannot speak posi- tively on this point. The youngest segment, in which the archegonium mother cell is recognisable, shoves in vertical sec- tion three cells, a small ventral o
RM2AFMGE9–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). .s. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES 103 what unequal size. The next wall formed divides the largerof the two primary cells into an inner and an outer cell (Fig.50, A), so that the young segment now consists of three cells,an inner one and two outer; the latter in the dorsal segmentscorrespond to the two lobes usually found in the dorsal leaves.The two outer cells now divide by walls in two planes, andrapidly grow out above the level of the apical cell and form.
![. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG05W6/the-structure-and-development-of-mosses-and-ferns-archegoniatae-plant-morphology-mosses-ferns-ill-the-jungermanniales-elatereae-8s-quotaneura-and-metsgeria-represent-the-simplest-of-the-typical-anacrogynous-jungermanniales-in-the-former-the-thallus-is-composed-of-absolutely-similar-cells-all-chlorophyll-bearing-and-in-each-cell-one-or-more-oil-bodies-like-those-of-the-mar-chantiacese-in-metzgeria-fig-37-the-wings-of-the-thallus-are-but-one-cell-thick-and-there-is-a-very-definite-midrib-usu-ally-four-cells-thick-the-apical-growth-in-both-genera-is-fig-37metzgeria-pube-PG05W6.jpg ". The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube Stock Photo")
RMPG05W6–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube
![A morphological study of some members of the genus Pallavicinia . s haustorial organ of the same character as that ob-served in various Jungermanniales, both acrogynous forms like Junger-mannia bicuspidata and anacrogynous types like Aneura. (See Leitgeb[1], Clapp [1].) Material was wanting for the next stages of development, but tojudge from such stages as those shown in Fig. 16, C-E, the first divisionin the terminal cell of the embryo is vertical, and this is followed later bya series of transverse divisions. There is, however, a certain degree ofirregularity in the divisions, as there is c Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AWYDXX/a-morphological-study-of-some-members-of-the-genus-pallavicinia-s-haustorial-organ-of-the-same-character-as-that-ob-served-in-various-jungermanniales-both-acrogynous-forms-like-junger-mannia-bicuspidata-and-anacrogynous-types-like-aneura-see-leitgeb-1-clapp-1-material-was-wanting-for-the-next-stages-of-development-but-tojudge-from-such-stages-as-those-shown-in-fig-16-c-e-the-first-divisionin-the-terminal-cell-of-the-embryo-is-vertical-and-this-is-followed-later-bya-series-of-transverse-divisions-there-is-however-a-certain-degree-ofirregularity-in-the-divisions-as-there-is-c-2AWYDXX.jpg "A morphological study of some members of the genus Pallavicinia . s haustorial organ of the same character as that ob-served in various Jungermanniales, both acrogynous forms like Junger-mannia bicuspidata and anacrogynous types like Aneura. (See Leitgeb[1], Clapp [1].) Material was wanting for the next stages of development, but tojudge from such stages as those shown in Fig. 16, C-E, the first divisionin the terminal cell of the embryo is vertical, and this is followed later bya series of transverse divisions. There is, however, a certain degree ofirregularity in the divisions, as there is c Stock Photo")
RM2AWYDXX–A morphological study of some members of the genus Pallavicinia . s haustorial organ of the same character as that ob-served in various Jungermanniales, both acrogynous forms like Junger-mannia bicuspidata and anacrogynous types like Aneura. (See Leitgeb[1], Clapp [1].) Material was wanting for the next stages of development, but tojudge from such stages as those shown in Fig. 16, C-E, the first divisionin the terminal cell of the embryo is vertical, and this is followed later bya series of transverse divisions. There is, however, a certain degree ofirregularity in the divisions, as there is c
RMPG05R0–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES IIS Goebel, much the same condition occurs in Porella, the first divisions of the spore give rise to a disc, and the formation of a filament is completely suppressed. This disc is nearly circu- lar in outhne, and at its edge a single large cell appears (Fig. 59, B), whose relation to the primary divisions of the spore is not quite clear. This cell forms the starting-point for the. Fig. 6o.—A, Lejeunia metzgeriopsis, showing the thalloid protonema with terminal leafy buds (&
RM2AFM9YW–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). ei. Fig. 56.—Porella Bolanderi. A, Nearly median longitudinal section of an advancedembryo, X260; B, the upper part of a similar embryo, X525; C, sporogenous cellsand elaters from a still older sporogonium, X525. dently some variation in this respect, as there is in the time ofthe separation of the capsule wall from the archesporium* Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES in Both longitudinal and transverse sections of the sporogoniumat this stage (Fig. 55, D) show a good deal of irregularity inthe arrangement of the cells, and the first pe
RMPG05TW–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. m THE jungermanniAles. Fig. 42.—A, Vertical, B, C, horizontal sections through the apex of Pallavicinia cylindrica; *, apical cell, A, X22S; B, C, X430; D, E, Pellia epiphylla; D, ver- tical section; E, horizontal (optical) section, X450.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Campbell, Douglas Houghton, 1859-1953
RM2AFMM85–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). egonia are borne upon similar but shorterbranches and their development also is very regular. In Fig. 40,B, a vertical section through the end of a young female branchis shown with the apical cell {x). Segments are here, too, cut Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES 93 off alternately right and left, and from each segment an arche-gonium develops. The segment is first divided, probahly, asin the male branch and the vegetative ones, into an inner andan outer cell, but I did not succeed in getting satisfactory longi-tudinal sections paralle
RM2AFMAWP–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). mber of neckcanal cells in the full-grown archegonium is normally eight.The archegonium (Fig. 54, F), at maturity is nearly cylin-drical, with the venter but little enlarged. The canal cells arebroad, but the egg small. The venter has a two-layered wall.The first-formed archegonia arise in strictly acropetal sue- Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES log cession, and finally the apical cell divides by a transverse wall,and the outer cell so formed becomes transformed into anarchegonium. In a number of cases observed, young arche-gonia were
![. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). , from a lower cell, which forms amore or less conspicuous appendage at the base of the foot.The earliest divisions in the upper part are not known, but itsoon becomes a cylindrical body consisting of several tier3 of in THE JUNGERMANNIALES 95 cells, each composed of four equal quadrant cells. Accordingto Leitgeb (i), the upper tier, from which the capsule develops,is formed by the first transverse wall in the up])er part of theembryo. This upper tier is next divided by nearly transversewalls into four terminal cover cells, a Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AFMKGA/the-structure-and-development-of-mosses-and-ferns-archegoniatae-from-a-lower-cell-which-forms-amore-or-less-conspicuous-appendage-at-the-base-of-the-footthe-earliest-divisions-in-the-upper-part-are-not-known-but-itsoon-becomes-a-cylindrical-body-consisting-of-several-tier3-of-in-the-jungermanniales-95-cells-each-composed-of-four-equal-quadrant-cells-accordingto-leitgeb-i-the-upper-tier-from-which-the-capsule-developsis-formed-by-the-first-transverse-wall-in-the-up-er-part-of-theembryo-this-upper-tier-is-next-divided-by-nearly-transversewalls-into-four-terminal-cover-cells-a-2AFMKGA.jpg ". The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). , from a lower cell, which forms amore or less conspicuous appendage at the base of the foot.The earliest divisions in the upper part are not known, but itsoon becomes a cylindrical body consisting of several tier3 of in THE JUNGERMANNIALES 95 cells, each composed of four equal quadrant cells. Accordingto Leitgeb (i), the upper tier, from which the capsule develops,is formed by the first transverse wall in the up])er part of theembryo. This upper tier is next divided by nearly transversewalls into four terminal cover cells, a Stock Photo")
RM2AFMKGA–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). , from a lower cell, which forms amore or less conspicuous appendage at the base of the foot.The earliest divisions in the upper part are not known, but itsoon becomes a cylindrical body consisting of several tier3 of in THE JUNGERMANNIALES 95 cells, each composed of four equal quadrant cells. Accordingto Leitgeb (i), the upper tier, from which the capsule develops,is formed by the first transverse wall in the up])er part of theembryo. This upper tier is next divided by nearly transversewalls into four terminal cover cells, a
![. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Fig. 48.—A, Young plant of Aneura palmata X265 (after Leitgeb); B, three views ofa young plant of Pellia calycina, X420(Leitgeb). m THE JUNGERMANNIALES loi stitute this family, differ from all other Ilepaticae in havingthe leaves radially arranged, and not showing the dorsiventralform that characterises all the others. The i)lants are com-pletely destitute of rhizoids hut ])ossess a rhizcjme-like basalpart, from which the leafy axes arise. The latter have well-developed leaves arranged more or less distinctly in three rows.Th Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2AFMGPJ/the-structure-and-development-of-mosses-and-ferns-archegoniatae-fig-48a-young-plant-of-aneura-palmata-x265-after-leitgeb-b-three-views-ofa-young-plant-of-pellia-calycina-x420leitgeb-m-the-jungermanniales-loi-stitute-this-family-differ-from-all-other-ilepaticae-in-havingthe-leaves-radially-arranged-and-not-showing-the-dorsiventralform-that-characterises-all-the-others-the-ilants-are-com-pletely-destitute-of-rhizoids-hut-ossess-a-rhizcjme-like-basalpart-from-which-the-leafy-axes-arise-the-latter-have-well-developed-leaves-arranged-more-or-less-distinctly-in-three-rowsth-2AFMGPJ.jpg ". The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Fig. 48.—A, Young plant of Aneura palmata X265 (after Leitgeb); B, three views ofa young plant of Pellia calycina, X420(Leitgeb). m THE JUNGERMANNIALES loi stitute this family, differ from all other Ilepaticae in havingthe leaves radially arranged, and not showing the dorsiventralform that characterises all the others. The i)lants are com-pletely destitute of rhizoids hut ])ossess a rhizcjme-like basalpart, from which the leafy axes arise. The latter have well-developed leaves arranged more or less distinctly in three rows.Th Stock Photo")
RM2AFMGPJ–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Fig. 48.—A, Young plant of Aneura palmata X265 (after Leitgeb); B, three views ofa young plant of Pellia calycina, X420(Leitgeb). m THE JUNGERMANNIALES loi stitute this family, differ from all other Ilepaticae in havingthe leaves radially arranged, and not showing the dorsiventralform that characterises all the others. The i)lants are com-pletely destitute of rhizoids hut ])ossess a rhizcjme-like basalpart, from which the leafy axes arise. The latter have well-developed leaves arranged more or less distinctly in three rows.Th
RMRDXMRK–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. JUNGERMANNIALES 267 clue to the steps of evolution of the elaterophore: that it arose by partial sterilisation of the archesporium, with the consequence that the fertile zone is relegated to the exterior. The development in Pellia is essentially the sarne, but the attachment of the elaterophore is to the base of the capsular cavity. It is worthy of note that these modifications occur in the Anakrogynous Jungermanniaceae, which, as we have already seen, are more advanced than the Akrogynous as regards
RMRED6RX–. Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz. Cryptogams -- Germany; Cryptogams -- Austria; Cryptogams -- Switzerland. Riociaeeen. Marchautiaceen, Marchantiales. Sphaerocarpii>> Antliocerotales.. Fossombronia. Hlasia. Haplomitriuin. akrogyne Jungermanniaeeen. Jungermanniales.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Rabenhorst, Ludwig, 1806-1881; Grunow, A. (Albert), 1
![. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 114 MORPHOLOGY. ing in function the suppressed seta. It is formed by the elongation of the axis of the leafy branch beneath the sporophyte, and as it bears the capsule at its summit, it resembles an ordinary elongated seta (fig. 250). Of course the foot of the sporophyte is embedded in its tip. Conclusions.—The Sphagnales present a remarkable mixture of liverwort and moss characters. The simple thallus body of the gametopT]jte.iSaembies that of the anacrog3mous Jungermanniales; the^ecial leafy sFx^^^BrancKes su^est^the aLi'Ogyaou Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDYFKE/a-textbook-of-botany-for-colleges-and-universities-botany-114-morphology-ing-in-function-the-suppressed-seta-it-is-formed-by-the-elongation-of-the-axis-of-the-leafy-branch-beneath-the-sporophyte-and-as-it-bears-the-capsule-at-its-summit-it-resembles-an-ordinary-elongated-seta-fig-250-of-course-the-foot-of-the-sporophyte-is-embedded-in-its-tip-conclusionsthe-sphagnales-present-a-remarkable-mixture-of-liverwort-and-moss-characters-the-simple-thallus-body-of-the-gametopt-jteisaembies-that-of-the-anacrog3mous-jungermanniales-theecial-leafy-sfxbranckes-suestthe-aliogyaou-RDYFKE.jpg ". A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 114 MORPHOLOGY. ing in function the suppressed seta. It is formed by the elongation of the axis of the leafy branch beneath the sporophyte, and as it bears the capsule at its summit, it resembles an ordinary elongated seta (fig. 250). Of course the foot of the sporophyte is embedded in its tip. Conclusions.—The Sphagnales present a remarkable mixture of liverwort and moss characters. The simple thallus body of the gametopT]jte.iSaembies that of the anacrog3mous Jungermanniales; the^ecial leafy sFx^^^BrancKes su^est^the aLi'Ogyaou Stock Photo")
RMRDYFKE–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. 114 MORPHOLOGY. ing in function the suppressed seta. It is formed by the elongation of the axis of the leafy branch beneath the sporophyte, and as it bears the capsule at its summit, it resembles an ordinary elongated seta (fig. 250). Of course the foot of the sporophyte is embedded in its tip. Conclusions.—The Sphagnales present a remarkable mixture of liverwort and moss characters. The simple thallus body of the gametopT]jte.iSaembies that of the anacrog3mous Jungermanniales; the^ecial leafy sFx^^^BrancKes su^est^the aLi'Ogyaou
RMRDKE29–. Dudley memorial volume, containing a paper by William Russel Dudley and appreciations and contributions in his memory by friends and colleagues ... Dudley, William Russel, 1849-1911; Botany. THE MORPHOLOGY AND SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF CALYCULARIA RADICULOSA (Steph.) By Douglas Houghton Campbell^ Professor of Botany THE classification of the so-called anacrogynous Jungermanniales, an important group of liverworts, is at present in a very unsatisfactory condition, and much remains to be done before the true relationships of the members of this group can be satisfactorily settled. A recent attemp
RMRDF3DT–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 8i antheridium body (Fig. 33, D). At this stage and the one preceding it Sphcerocarpus recalls the structure of the anther- idium of the Characeas, although the succession of walls is not exactly the same. The divisions of the central cells are ex- tremely regular, walls being formed at right angles, so that the sperm cells are almost perfectly cubical, and the limits of the primary central cells are recognisable for a long time. The development of the antheridial envelope
RMRDF3AM–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. io8 MOSSES AND FERNS the short but evident pedicel of the archegonium. The latter is very like that of the anacrogynous Liverworts. Of the three first walls (Fig. 54, C), the last formed one is much shorter, so that one of the three peripheral cells is much smaller, and does not divide by a vertical wall, and the neck has but five rows of cells, as in Pellia. This appears to be universal among the acrogynous Jungermanniales examined. Often in Porella the three primary walls converge at the bot
RMRDXMRX–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. JUNGERMANNIALES 265 the basis of the first segmentations, of the capsule from the seta. So far as segmentations offer a basis for argument, the general conclusion may be drawn that the seta and capsule are not always distinct ab initio. The developmental facts suggest that the fertile region may be held to be a residuum left by sterilisation, which has been basifugally progressive : the result of such sterilisation is the region of the seta as it is seen in these plants. We may regard as the most prim
![. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. FlG. 129. A, median section of young sporogonium ot Aneura ambrosioides. The internal mass of cells of the sporogonial head ("archesporium") is already differentiated so as ta indicate the sterile elaterophore, and the outer fertile region. B, the same, older : the indications of sterilisation have extended outwards, and it is only the peripheral fringe of cells (shaded) which will be sporogenous. C, transverse section of the same. X150. It thus appears that in the Jungermanniales partial s Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDXMRF/the-origin-of-a-land-flora-a-theory-based-upon-the-facts-of-alternation-plant-morphology-flg-129-a-median-section-of-young-sporogonium-ot-aneura-ambrosioides-the-internal-mass-of-cells-of-the-sporogonial-head-quotarchesporiumquot-is-already-differentiated-so-as-ta-indicate-the-sterile-elaterophore-and-the-outer-fertile-region-b-the-same-older-the-indications-of-sterilisation-have-extended-outwards-and-it-is-only-the-peripheral-fringe-of-cells-shaded-which-will-be-sporogenous-c-transverse-section-of-the-same-x150-it-thus-appears-that-in-the-jungermanniales-partial-s-RDXMRF.jpg ". The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. FlG. 129. A, median section of young sporogonium ot Aneura ambrosioides. The internal mass of cells of the sporogonial head ("archesporium") is already differentiated so as ta indicate the sterile elaterophore, and the outer fertile region. B, the same, older : the indications of sterilisation have extended outwards, and it is only the peripheral fringe of cells (shaded) which will be sporogenous. C, transverse section of the same. X150. It thus appears that in the Jungermanniales partial s Stock Photo")
RMRDXMRF–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. FlG. 129. A, median section of young sporogonium ot Aneura ambrosioides. The internal mass of cells of the sporogonial head ("archesporium") is already differentiated so as ta indicate the sterile elaterophore, and the outer fertile region. B, the same, older : the indications of sterilisation have extended outwards, and it is only the peripheral fringe of cells (shaded) which will be sporogenous. C, transverse section of the same. X150. It thus appears that in the Jungermanniales partial s
RMRE1N70–. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. 292 COLLEGE BOTANY and produce new gametophytes. Tke complete life history is illustrated in Fig. 141. The genus Biccia also belongs to the Marchantiales and con- tains a number of species, some of which are terrestrial and others aquatic. They are smaller than M. polymorpha and the antheridia and archegonia remain embedded in cavities of the thallus. They are the simplest of the Hepaticoe. The Jungermanniales contains a larger number of species than either of the other two groups. They grow under conditions ranging from
RMRDF3CE–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. m THE JUNGERMANNIALES 95 cells, each composed of four equal quadrant cells. According to Leitgeb (i), the upper tier, from which the capsule develops, is formed by the first transverse wall in the upper part of the embryo. This upper tier is next divided by nearly transverse walls into four terminal cover cells, and four larger ones below, and these latter are again divided each into three cells, an inner one and two outer ones, so that the capsule consists of four central cells, the archespor
RMRDKE0G–. Dudley memorial volume, containing a paper by William Russel Dudley and appreciations and contributions in his memory by friends and colleagues ... Dudley, William Russel, 1849-1911; Botany. 50 DUDLEY MEMORIAL VOLUME expected that the early stages would conform to the usual type found in the Jungermanniales. In his description of the genus Calycularia given in Engler and Prantl's Natiirliche Pflanzenfamilien, Schiffner states that the antheridium has a single celled stalk, but in his later description of C. radiculosa, given in his work on the Liverworts of Buitenzorg he says that he did not
RMRDXMT3–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. 264 BRYOPHYTA B. The Jungermanniales. The same principle is illustrated also in the Jungermanniales, but with differences of detail. In these the first segmentation of the zygote separates a hypobasal cell, which in some cases develops as a multicellular. Fig. 124. Frullania dila-tata, development of the embryo. X 300. (After Leitgeb). x, x, the archesporial cells. The numbers indicate the primary transverse divisions. (From Campbell, Mosses and Ferns.'). Please note that these images are extracted fr
RMRDF3CP–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 93 off alternately right and left, and from each segment an arche^ gonium develops. The segment is first divided, probably, as in the male branch and the vegetative ones, into an inner and an outer cell, but I did not succeed in getting satisfactory longi- tudinal sections parallel to the surface, so cannot speak posi- tively on this point. The youngest segment, in which the archegonium mother cell is recognisable, shoves in vertical sec- tion three cells, a small ventral o
RMRDF3EC–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES 77 taking place about the same time as the first division in the archegonial cell (Fig. 31, B). The divisions in the latter are the same as in Riccia, and the general structure of the arche- gonium ofifers no noteworthy peculiarities. The number of neck canal cells is small, probably never exceeding four, and in this respect recalls again Riccia. The central cell is relatively large, and the ventral canal cell often nearly as large as the egg. As the archegonium develops, i
RMRDF3C6–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. nt THE JUNGERMANNIALES 97 brought about by a periclinal wall in each of the four termifial cells, dividing each into an inner archesporial cell, and an outer wall-cell. (Fig. 47, D.) The capsule wall in Fossombronia is two cells in thickness, except at the apex, where it may be three cells thick. The inner layer of cells, when the capsule is ripe, have irregular thickened bars developed upon the surface of the radial cell- walls. The development of the sporogonium is best known in Pellia epiph
RMRDXMT1–. The origin of a land flora, a theory based upon the facts of alternation. Plant morphology. Fig. 124. Frullania dila-tata, development of the embryo. X 300. (After Leitgeb). x, x, the archesporial cells. The numbers indicate the primary transverse divisions. (From Campbell, Mosses and Ferns.'). haustorium {Frullania), but more frequently remains as a minute appendage at the base of the fruit, while the epibasal cell gives rise to the capsule, stalk, and foot. So far as a comparison on the basis of the segmentation of the zygote is valid, this would indicate in the Jungermanniales a still fur
![. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDF3DF/the-structure-and-development-of-mosses-and-ferns-archegoniatae-plant-morphology-mosses-ferns-ill-the-jungermanniales-elatereae-8s-quotaneura-and-metsgeria-represent-the-simplest-of-the-typical-anacrogynous-jungermanniales-in-the-former-the-thallus-is-composed-of-absolutely-similar-cells-all-chlorophyll-bearing-and-in-each-cell-one-or-more-oil-bodies-like-those-of-the-mar-chantiacese-in-metzgeria-fig-37-the-wings-of-the-thallus-are-but-one-cell-thick-and-there-is-a-very-definite-midrib-usu-ally-four-cells-thick-the-apical-growth-in-both-genera-is-fig-37metzgeria-pube-RDF3DF.jpg ". The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube Stock Photo")
RMRDF3DF–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. Ill THE JUNGERMANNIALES Elatereae 8s "Aneura and Metsgeria represent the simplest of the typical anacrogynous Jungermanniales. In the former the thallus is composed of absolutely similar cells, all chlorophyll-bearing, and in each cell one or more oil bodies, like those of the Mar- chantiacese. In Metzgeria (Fig. 37) the wings of the thallus are but one cell thick, and there is a very definite midrib, usu- ally four cells thick. The apical growth in both genera is. Fig. 37.—Metzgeria pube
RMRDF3D2–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. m THE jungermanniAles. Fig. 42.—A, Vertical, B, C, horizontal sections through the apex of Pallavicinia cylindrica; *, apical cell, A, X22S; B, C, X430; D, E, Pellia epiphylla; D, ver- tical section; E, horizontal (optical) section, X450.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Campbell, Douglas Houghton, 1859-1953
RMRDF39F–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. THE JUNGERMANNIALES IIS Goebel, much the same condition occurs in Porella, the first divisions of the spore give rise to a disc, and the formation of a filament is completely suppressed. This disc is nearly circu- lar in outhne, and at its edge a single large cell appears (Fig. 59, B), whose relation to the primary divisions of the spore is not quite clear. This cell forms the starting-point for the. Fig. 6o.—A, Lejeunia metzgeriopsis, showing the thalloid protonema with terminal leafy buds (&
RMREA38H–. Contributions from the Hull Botanical Laboratory. Plants. BOTANICAL GAZETTE characteristic of Marchantiales digs. A, By C), the vertical median wall (i) is followed by two walls (2 and 3) at right angles to the former, thereby forming quadrants {A, B, C, D). Four periclinal walls (4, 5, 6, 7) form a sterile wall cell and a spermatogenous cell. Fig. 1.—Explanation in text from each quadrant. In the Jungermanniales form (figs. D, E, F) the median vertical wall is followed by two walls corresponding to the second and third above, but somewhat inclined (2, 3, fig. E). Periclinal walls (5, 7) for
RMRJMCW8–. bao zi zhi wu xing tai xue. Botany. å°137.ç®å¶gå²ï¼rarf7i'0f«a)çæ±èï¼iSTâaå-¢å-çèåï¼å°¸ä¸/?.å¹¼æ¤ç©çå½¢æï¼X表示åçç´°èã(Hg Campbell) çé¿ç¯å¢å°é¢çé¿å¨é´æ¹¿å°åºï¼æå½å°å¤é½æ产çãæ²æä»ä¹ç¶æµä»·å¤ã å¶èç®ï¼JUNGERMANNIALES) æ¬ç®ç¹å¾æ¬Hæ¤ç©çé å-ä½æ¯ç°¡åçæå¹³ä½ï¼æååææå¶ç¶ãæIffiåçæ²æä»ä¹ååï¼ å ¨ä½ç´°èé½æ^å£çµç¹ç¶ãæå¶ç¶çææ¥ãå¶ä¹åãå±äºæ-¤ç±»ç1^'ç±»å¾å¤ï¼å¤çäºé´æ¹¿ä¹å°åç- 带çæ ç®ææ å¶ä¸ï¼æçä¹æè½æµæ-å¹²æ±ãæ-¤gæ¤ç©ä¾å ¶æ±å-fãå¼è£çç¶æåå ¶çé¿çé¨ä½ï¼å¯ å为2äºç®ã è éèäºç®ï¼JUNGERMANNIALES ANACROGYNAE) æ¬äºç®ç¹å¾éé å-å¨çé¿äºé å-ä»ç©ä½çèä¸ï¼é常ä¸ç±TO'端åçç´°èæååï¼æ±å-41å ·. Please note that these images ar
RMRC8FAB–. Embryogenesis in plants. Embryology. Fig. 13. Liverworts: segmentation of the zygote and development of the sporophyte in the three principal groups A, Anthocerotales. B, Marchantiales. C, Jungermanniales. I-Ij, the first partition wall of the zygote. In the Marchantiales, Meyer distinguishes filamentous and quadrant types, the latter being held to be derivative. (After Miiller). embedded in the tissue of the gametophyte. The fertilised egg is there- fore unlikely to be affected by compression due to the contiguity of prothallial tissue, (though it might be by the stout venter wall), while e
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